Polysulfone, anion-exchange membranes

Imidazolium-functionalized polysulfone anion exchange membranes have been synthesized by reaction of choloromethylated polysulfone and 1-methyl-imidazole [221], yielding to the stmcture shown in Fig. 6.14. 

Gu S, Cai R, Luo T, Yan Y (2008) Synthesis and characterizations of quaternary phosphonium polysulfone anion exchange membrane fin alkaline fuel cell. In 214th ECS Meeting, Abstract 1107. http //ma.ecsdl.Org/content/MA2008-02/l 1/1107.fijU. pdf+htmL Accessed 20 Dec 2012... 

S. Gu, R. Cai, T. Luo, and Y. Yan, Synthesis and characterizations of quaternary phosphonium polysulfone anion exchange membrane for alkaline fuel cell. 214th ECS Meeting B8-PEM fuel cells, October 12-17, Honolulu, HI, Abstract 1107,2008. 

Zhang, F. Zhang, H. Qu, C., Imidazolium functionalized polysulfone anion exchange membrane for fuel cell apphcation. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 2/(34), 12744. 

The anion-exchange membrane based on polysulfone can be prepared by halo-methylation of the backbone polymer and subsequent reaction with a tertiary amine... 

Figure 3.10 Preparation scheme of cation and anion exchange membranes from polysulfone.

The vast catalogue of polymeric materials reviewed here included Nafion composite with inorganic and organic fillers, and non-fluorinated proton conducting membranes such as sulfonated polyimides, poly(arylene ether)s, polysulfones, poly (vinyl alcohol), polystyrenes, and acid-doped polybenzimidazoles. Anion-exchange membranes are also discussed because of the facile electro-oxidation of alcohols in alkaline media and because of the minimizatirHi of alcohol crossover in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells. 

C.G. Arges, V. Ramani, Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy reveals cation-tri ered backbone degradation in polysulfone-based anion exchange membranes, Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 (2013) 2490-2495. 

If the anion exchange membrane is prepared from a monomer (approach a ), polysulfone, polyethylene, or styrene and divinylbenzene are most commonly used for traditional hydrocarbon type membranes, from which the membrane is usually prepared by chloromethylation followed by quaternary amination. Numerous references exist in the alkaline membrane fuel cell literature for homogeneous anion exchange membrane preparation using this method (see, for instance, [4, 5]). 

Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells, Membranes, Fig. 3 Chemical structure of (a) quaternary ammonium polysulfone-based anion exchange membrane and (b) polyethersulfone-cardo-based anion exchange membrane... 

New versions of anion-exchange membranes were prepared via chlormethy-lation and amination of polysulfone. Amination using different diamines made it possible to investigate the effect of the length of the alkyl chain on membrane properties. The chain with the longest alkyl chain showed better hydroxyl ion conductivity and thermal stability than did those with a shorter chain (Park et al., 2008). 

Some improvements in anionic commercial membranes were made possible by irradiation. For example, Hwang and Ohya [133] used accelerated electron radiation to cross-link a commercial membrane based on polysulfone (New-Selemion, Asahi Glass). They proved that these highly cross-linked anion exchange membranes showed a higher coulombic and energy efficiency than Nation membranes when used in an all-vanadium redox flow battery. Application of these membranes in an alkaline fuel cell is also conceivable. 

Warshawsky, A., Kedem, O. (1990) Polysulfone-based interpolymer anion exchange membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 53, 37-44. 

Wang, G., Weng, Y., Chu, D., Chen, R., Xie, D. (2009) Developing a polysulfone-based alkaline anion exchange membrane for improved ionic conductivity. Journal of Membrane Science, 332, 63-68. 

Nonjola, P. T. Mathe, M. K. Modibedi, R. M., Chemical modification of polysulfone Composite anionic exchange membrane with TiOj nano-particles. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2013, 38(12), 5115-5121. 

Wang, X. Li, M. Golding, B. T. Sadeghi, M. Cao, Y Yu, E. H. Scott, K., A polytetrafluoroethylene-quatemary l,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane polysulfone composite membrane for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36(16), 10022-10026. 

Zhao, Y. Pan, J. Yu, H. Yang, D. Li, J. Zhuang, L. Shao, Z. Yi, B., Quaternary ammonia polysulfone-PTFE composite alkaline anion exchange membrane for fuel cells application. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2013, 38(4), 1983-1987. 

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