Nomenclature polysaccharide

Polysaccharide nomenclature varies considerably in older and newer publications. Apart from the numerous trivial names (cellulose, chitin, dextran, etc.), the following nomenclature is in use. 

Every sugar residue is bonded to another by means of an a or jS acetalic bond. These bonds are sometimes called glycosidic. To be more specific, it would also be necessary to state whether the sugar residue occurs in the pyranose or the furanose form, but this information is often omitted because naturally occurring polysaccharides usually contain an aldehyde sugar, which occurs almost exclusively in the pyranose form. 

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This is a modified version of the 1980 recommendations on polysaccharide nomenclature... 

Eur. J. Biochem. (1980) 111, 295-298 Nomenclature of unsaturated monosaccharides Eur. J. Biochem. (1981) 119, 1-3 Nomenclature of branched-chain monosaccharides Eur. J. Biochem. (1981) 119, 5-8 Abbreviated terminology of oligosaccharide chains /. Biol Chem. (1982) 257, 3347-3351 Polysaccharide nomenclature /. Biol Chem. (1982) 257, 3352-3354 Symbols for specifying the conformation of polysaccharide chains... 

However, it has been accepted by many that, pending a complete systematization of polysaccharide nomenclature by the various nomenclature committees (a situation that in fact may never be realized), only one name for each should be regarded as the one which is up-to-date. As will be seen, some of the names in being altered have been systematized to include the terminal an. This review supports strongly the names given in the first column of Table 1, and these will be used. (The term chondroitin sulfate will be used when no distinction between... 

In 1946, after World War II had ended, Dr. Whistler accepted a position as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry (now the Department of Biochemistry) at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. There his career blossomed. It was a time of the famous carbohydrate laboratories, such as those of J. E. Courtois, K. Heyns, F. Micheel, M. Stacey, M. L. Wolfrom, and others, and the estabhshment of the laboratories of D. French, J. K. N. Jones, N. K. Kochetkov, R. U. Lemieux, B. Lindberg, H. Paulsen, and others. He made himself one of the established group of carbohydrate chemists in the world, something I think he could do because he stood out even at that age. For example, in 1951, Professor Wolfi om, who chaired the U.S. carbohydrate nomenclature committee, asked Dr. Whistler to join the committee, upon which he immediately developed an interest in systematic rules for polysaccharide nomenclature, which he developed and incorporated into his book on Polysaccharide Chemistry (1953) and promoted strongly. He also chaired the Polysaccharide Nomenclature subcommittee of the National Research Council Committee on Nomenclature. 

Polysaccharide nomenclature. Recommendations 1980. Pure Appl. Chem. 54, 1523(1982). —, Abbreviated terminology of oligosaccharide chains. Recommendations 1980, Pure Appl. Chem. 54, 1517(1982). 

In the early periods of carbohydrate chemistry no systematic nomenclature existed. A polysaccharide name coined at that time usually reflected the origin of the polysaccharide or sometimes emphasized some property of the isolated substance. Illustrative examples of such polysaccharide nomenclature are found in the terms cellulose, the principal... 

The present Recommendations deal with the acyclic and cyclic forms of monosaccharides and their simple derivatives, as well as with the nomenclature of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. They are additional to the Definitive Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry [13,14] and are intended to govern those aspects of the nomenclature of carbohydrates not covered by those rules. 

IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN), Symbols for specifying the conformation of polysaccharide chains (Recommendations 1981), Eur. J. Biochem, 131, 5-7, (1983) Pure Appl. Chem., 55,1269-1272 (1983) ref. 2, pp. 177-179. 

Maurice Stacey s work, 15 nomenclature, 84-86 polysaccharide derivatives, 166 Amylose, 340-349 derivatives, 347-349... 

Uronic acid definition, 51 nomenclature, 108-110 polysaccharide derivatives, 165... 

This essay was written in an attempt to explain our overview of primary cell walls and to reach consensus on the nomenclature of primary cell wall polysaccharides. We present evidence supporting the hypothesis that cellulose, xyloglucan, arabinoxylan, homogalacturonan, RG-I, and RG-II are the six polysaccharides common to all primary cell walls of higher plants. In many cells, these six polysaccharides account for all or nearly all of the primary wall polysaccharides. Like the physically interacting proteins that constitute the electron transport machinery of mitochondria, the structures of the six patently ubiquitous polysaccharides of primary cell walls have been conserved during evolution. Indeed, we hypothesize that the common set of six structural polysaccharides of primary cell walls have been structurally... 

This review deals with bacterial and related polysaccharides, such as those of molds and yeasts. The bacteriological nomenclature is that of Bergey10 non-systematic nomenclature is indicated by ( ). 

The pneumococci all belong to different types of the same species, namely, Streptococcus pneumoniae. This was earlier called Diplococcus pneumoniae, but has been renamed.5 6 7 There are some 80 different types of pneumococcus, and two systems of nomenclature, the Danish, used in Europe, and Eddy s, used in the United States.8 Tables correlating the Danish and American designations have been published.8 The Danish system, with Arabic numerals and common abbreviations, such as Phi for Type 1 and SI for its type-specific, capsular polysaccharide, will be used in this article. 

FIGURE 3-3 Structure of some simple sphingolipids. X may be a complex polysaccharide either containing sialic acid (gangliosides) or not (globosides). See also Figures 3-4 and 3-9 for the nomenclature and structure of some of the complex brain sphingolipids. 

As before, significant features of the structures are given in this article, in addition to the unit-cell dimensions. In the title to each abstract, a common name or descriptive title for the polysaccharide described is given at the left, and the formula at the right. The other details follow the nomenclature set forth previously.1... 

Non-reserve polysaccharides seem to function in biological tissues through the part they play in cohesion, the retention of water and salts, the physical organization, and the elasticity and general texture. Polysaccharide conformation and association, as well as chemical structure, are obviously involved in the control of such properties. The polysaccharide-polysaccharide interactions considered in this Section can be regarded (in the nomenclature of protein biochemistry) as showing secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure.4W>2W8 The... 

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