Polyrotaxanes methyl methacrylate

By careful design, two CDs were also incorporated per pendant group (57) with poly(methyl methacrylate) backbones [102]. In polyrotaxane 58, pendant branched chains were threaded with CDs (one per branch) [97,101]. The chemical composition of the branched arm was very similar to that in 56. 

CD are very rigid molecules and polyrotaxanes derived from them are expected to be more rigid than the starting backbone. Poly(methyl methacrylate side chain rotaxane) 56 had a Tg 20°C higher than the backbone itself. The same observation was also seen in side chain poly(ether ketone) and poly(ether sulfone) systems [96-102]. 

Obtaining polyrotaxanes by the statistical method through polymerization of various monomers in the presence of macrocycles was attempted by Maciejewski who investigated the thermal radical copolymerization of vinylidene chbride, methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylamide, and thdr mixtures with ace-tonaphtylene in aqueous and dimethylformamide solutions in the presence of p-cyclodextrin or of its acylic derivative. All these attempts failed, however. Only, when copolymerization was initiated by y-radiation with an exposure dose of 5 Mrad, did some of the above-listed monomers form polymers exhibiting optical activity. However, the rotation of the initial p-cyclodextrin was 162°, while that of the obtained products only l°-6°. Such a small polarization plane rotation angle could result only from an insignificant amount of macrocycles in the synthesized compounds. Therefore, for the purpose of a more successful synthesis of cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes, a number of researchers tried to introduce elements of directionality into... 

The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98-104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105-107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108, 109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111-115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117-122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyanifine (PANI) [125-128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated p-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132-135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVl) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140-142], poly(fluorinated ethylene-propylene) [143], sulfonated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (sPOSS) [144], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) [145, 146], polyrotaxanes (PR) [147], purple membrane [148], sulfonated polystyrene (PSSA) [149, 150], polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-bpolystyrene (SEES) [151], poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphonic acid-co-l,6-hexanediol propoxylate diacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) (AMPS) [152], and chitosan [31]. A binary PVA/chitosan [153] and a ternary Nafion composite with PVA, polyimide (PI) and 8-trimethoxy silylpropyl glycerin ether-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSPS) has also been reported [154]. 

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