Polypropylene storage modulus

Fig. 9. The effect of magnesium hydroxide filler type on the dynamic storage modulus G of polypropylene (PP) at 200 °C (strain amplitude 10%, filler level 60% by weight). Magnesium hydroxide fillers differed in origin particle size and treatment. Mean particle size (pm) type A ( ), 7.7 type B (+), 0.9 type C ( ), 4.0 type D ( ), 0.53 type E, stearate-coated version of type A, (X), 3.7 unfilled PP (O) [36]...

Fig. 12. The frequency dependence of dynamic storage modulus G at 200 °C for calcium carbonate filled polypropylenes (mean particle size 0.15 pm).Filler loading wt%, (o) 0 (6) 10 (o) 20 (9) 30 [47]...

Fig. 32. Storage modulus, E, and mechanical loss ctor, tan 6, for GM6I polypropylene (M 400,000). Frequency 5 Hz X = IS. As-drawn, A after 60 min annealing at 135 °C...

The storage modulus for the cured resins with different polypropylene carbonate contents (Fig. 21.20) did not change over the temperature range lower than their a-relaxation, compared with the parent epoxy resin. This implied that the epoxy matrix was toughened by the addition of PPC at no expense of its modulus but with a sacrifice to its thermal properties. The molecular weight of polypropylene carbonate... 

Figure 9.28 Storage modulus of polypropylene and clay polypropylene nanocomposites. Reprinted from [21] with permission from Elsevier.

Schaefer et al. (19) studied the interphase microstructure of ternary polymer composites consisting of polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer (EPDM), and different types of inorganic fillers (e.g., kaolin clay and barium sulfate). They used extraction and dynamic mechanical methods to relate the thickness of absorbed polymer coatings on filler particles to mechanical properties. The extraction of composite samples with xylene solvent for prolonged periods of time indicated that the bound polymer around filler particles increased from 3 to 12 nm thick between kaolin to barium sulfate filler types. Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses of the bound polymer layers indicated that EPDM was the main constituent adsorbed to the filler particles. Without doubt, the existence of an interphase microstructure was shown to exist and have a rather sizable thickness. They proceeded to use this interphase model to fit a modified van der Poel equation to compute the storage modulus G (T) and loss modulus G"(T) properties. 

Figure 7.61 (a) Storage modulus E and tan a vs. temperature and (b) loss modulus " vs temperature curves for polypropylene and its composite containing wollastonite [47].---, PP 1330 ., composite... 

Figure 5.4 The relationship between dynamic storage modulus and angular frequency for polypropylene containing uncoated magnesium hydroxide fillers (60% by weight filler)...

Following the approach of Diez-Gutierrez et al. [53] that studied the effect of filler on the mechanical properties of talc/polypropylene composites, Fambri et al. [54] analyzed the effect of crystallinity on the storage modulus E of PLLA through a glass transition intensity factor defined as... 

Oriented foils based on blends of copolymer PHB-co-hydroxyvalerate and polyalcohols are described by Cyras et al The blends were prepared by solvent casting, and castor oil or polypropylene glycol were used as the polyalcohol component. Dynamic mechanical behaviour indicates a formation of the two-phase immiscible blend. The addition of polyalcohols leads to an increase of crystallinity but lower storage modulus was observed due to an addition of the amorphous compound. 

Fig. 42 The frequency dependence of storage modulus G at 200 C for CaC03-filled polypropylenes. Volume fraction of particles, < =0 (PPJ2G), < =0.036 (PPCAl), 0 = 0.077 (PPCA2), and 0 = 0.125 (PPCA3). (From Ref. 47.)...

FIG. 14-13. Shear storage modulus G at 1 Hz for a cross-linked polypropylene ether containing sodium chloride particles with sharp size distributions in the ranges shown, plotted against volume fraction of particles at two temperatures where G should be close to Ge and Gg respectively. Curves calculated from theory of van der Poel. ... 

The studies of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior have been performed not only for rubber matrices, but also reported for polyolefin matrices, for example polypropylene-reinforced Ti02 nanoparticles. Work by Bahloul et al.—concerning preparation of PPA i02 nanocomposites based on the sol-gel method—reported strain dependence of the viscoelastic properties. The authors observed a change in the storage modulus (G ) versus the strain amplitude and a characteristic decrease. 

Yuan [37] measured the storage modulus of glass filled polypropylene over a wide range of temperatures and compositions and the effects of temperature and glass bead content on the brittle-ductile transition and related properties was investigated. 

Figure 3.DMA analysis of polypropylene samples, a) Storage modulus E b) Loss modulus E c) tan(5) of the PP+PIB+silica composites. Tensile mode at IHz.

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