Polyphosphoric acid copolymers

The simplest monomer, ethylenesulfonic acid, is made by elimination from sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate and polyphosphoric acid. Ethylenesulfonic acid is readily polymerized alone or can be incorporated as a copolymer using such monomers as acrylamide, aHyl acrylamide, sodium acrylate, acrylonitrile, methylacrylic acid, and vinyl acetate (222). Styrene and isobutene fail to copolymerize with ethylene sulfonic acid. 

A polyphosphoric acid (0.2 g) solution of the step 1 product (25 mg) was treated with a suspension of SWNTs (50 mg 60 nm length), methanesulfonic acid (10 g), polyphosphoric acid (10 g 84.5% P2Os), and phosphorous pentoxide (0.15 g). This mixture was then reacted for three days at 100°C and the copolymer product isolated. 

Copolymers of fumaric acid or maleic anhydride and isophthalic add were prepared by melt condensation at 250-300 °C for 8 hours using acetic anhydride or polyphosphoric acid as dehydrative agents [43]. 

Several mechanisms are needed to explain the action of the many different phosphorus compoimds used as FRs. Some of these compounds decompose in the condensed phase to form phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid. They can promote charring. Char formation is further enhanced by cellulosics, polyurethanes, phenolics, epoxy resins and EVA copolymers, and there are catalysts that promote it. Phenol-formaldehyde polymers can be used as flame retardants themselves when combined with a more flammable thermosetting polymer to form an interpenetrating network. 

Poly(phenyl vinyl sulfide-alt-MA), 386 Polyphosphoric acid, dehydrating agent, 80, 84 Poly03-pinene-alt-MA), 352 Poly(propenyl chloride-alt-MA), 380 Poly(c -propenyIphenol-ait-MA), 375 Poly(4-propenylpyrocatechol-alt-MA), 375 Poly(propenylthiophene-co-MA), 387 Poly(cw-propenyl vinyl ether-co-MA), 326 Poly (/I-propyl endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate-co-MA), 289 Polypropylene, 461-464 MA copolymer blends, 292 MA ene adduct, 175 bismaleimide blends, 464 MA grafting procedures, 675... 

Polyoxyl 20 stearate. See PEG-20 stearate Polyoxyl 40 stearate. See PEG-40 stearate Polyoxyl 50 stearate. See PEG-50 stearate Polyoxyl 55 stearate. See PEG-55 stearate Polyoxymethylene glycols. See Formaldehyde Poly [oxy(methylsilylene)]. See Methicone Polyoxypropylene (9). See PPG-9 Polyoxypropylene (12). See PPG-12 Polyoxypropylene (17). See PPG-17 Polyoxypropylene (20). See PPG-20 Polyoxypropylene (26). See PPG-26 Polyoxypropylene (30). See PPG-30 Polyoxypropylene (34). See PPG-34 Polyoxypropylene (40). See PPG-40 Polyoxypropyleneamine. See Polyether polyol Polyoxypropylene (3) methyl ether. See PPG-3 methyl ether Polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block polymer Polyoxypropylenefpolyoxy-ethylene copolymer. See EOfPO block polymer or copolymer Polyoxypropylene triol. See Polyether polyol Polyphosphoric acid, ammonium saH. See Ammonium polyphosphate Polyphosphoric acids, compds. with triethanolamine Polyphosphoric acids, esters with triethanolamine. See TEA-polyphosphate Polyphosphoric acid sodium saH. See Sodium polyphosphate Polyphosphoric acids, potassium saHs. See Potassium polyphosphate Polyphosphoric acids, sodium salts. See Sodium polyphosphate Polyphosphoric acid, triethanolamine ester. See TEA-polyphosphate Polypropene. See Polypropylene Polypropylene CAS 90034)7-0... 

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