Polymers color compounding

The polymer requires compounding with normal fillers to produce useful compounds. Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) excels in resistance to attack by oxygen, ozone, corrosive chemicals, and oil, and in addition has very good electrical properties. Electrical stability and resistance to corona and arc are good. The physical properties and abrasion resistance are also good. Light-colored goods made from CSM have excellent color-fastness. Due to the presence of chlorine atoms, this elastomer shows excellent flame resistance. 

The Ziegler-Natta catalysts are prepared by the reduction of TiIV compounds, e.g., TiCl4 or esters of titanic acid, by organoaluminum compounds. A higher catalyst activity and thus an improved polymer color is achieved by the use of MgCh as support component. 

Heat stability Indicates maximum processing temperature at typical loading for typical processing times. These values assume no reactivity with any compound ingredients. The nominal heat stability also depends on the ability of the pigment to mask any shifts in polymer color that occur at the upper end of its processing temperature range. 

Many benzofuran-2-ones find application as dyes. For example, styryl analogues based on compound 262 were developed as a polymer colorant <2000W00053597>. Compounds 263 and 264 are among several stereoisomeric compounds that are patented as dyes <2000W00024736>. Dibenzofuran 265 is a photochromic compound for use as an ink or in plastic films <2001CNP1328109>. 

Colorants Improve the appearance of polymers, mask compounds, Atmos 150, NJ -his (2-hydroxy-ethyl)alkyl-amine Carbon black, titanium dioxide, azo-type dyes... 

DHA works because of a reaction between its carbonyl group and a free amino group (—NH3+) of several amino adds in the skin protein keratin. Amino adds are the building blocks of the biological polymers called proteins (Chapter 19) keratin is just one such protein. The DHA produces brown-colored compounds called melanoids when it bonds to the keratins. These polymeric melanoids are chemically linked to cells of the stratum corneum, the dead, outermost layer of the skin. DHA does not penetrate this outer layer so the chemical reaction that causes tanning only affects the stratum corneum. As this dead skin sloughs off, so does your tan ... 

To assist dispersion of colorant in the polymer melt the use of screw back pressure is recommended. The barrel temperatures at the hopper zone should be set lower than that at the nozzle to allow for additional mixing to take place within the feed section of the screw. PS is also sold as color compounded material and a color matching service is available but many processors purchase natural (clear) polymer and color in-house. 

Lyondell BaseU Polymers sells compounded polyolefins. The base polyolefin is blended with impact modifiers, fillers and reinforcements, pigments, and additives. Customer applications include automotive components, electrical appliances, wire and cable, pipe and sheet, building and construction, and furniture. The properties of the product include a broad range of stiffness from very soft to very rigid, excellent aesthetic characteristics and colorability, good processability, high stiffness/ impact balance, high mar and scratch resistance, low carbon emissions achievable, and excellent recyclability. 

Introduction of the diphenylether and diphenylsulfide pendants into polymers was accomplished by incorporation of such groups into biscyclopentadienone monomers. The synthesis of the monomers was carried out by the base catalyzed condensation of the appropriately substituted bis-tetraketone with 1,3-dIphenylacetone. The resulting products were purified to monomer grade purity by column chromatography. The monomers 3,3 -(l,3-phenylene)bis[2,5-diphenyl-4-p-phenyl-oxyphenylcyclopentadienone] (1) and 3,3 -(l,3-phenylene)bis[2,5-diphenyl-4-p-phenylthiophenyl cyclopentadienone] (2) are highly colored compounds with mp of 205-206 C and 202-203 C respectively. 

These conjugated quinones are amongst the most intensely colored compounds known (Klemchuk and Homg, 1991) and it is critical to minimize their formation to prevent yellowing of the polymer through reactions of the antioxidant. 

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