Polymer-Stabilized LCDs

As described in previous sections, polymer stabihzed Uquid crystals (PSLCs) are made from mixtures of hquid crystals and monomers. The monomers arc usually mesogeiuc with rigid cores and flexible tails, similar to the structures of Uquid crystal molecules, and bifunctional. 

In the polymerization of the monomers, the mixture is in a liquid crystal phase. The polymerization environment is anisotropic due to the aligning effect of the liquid crystal on the monomer and the anisotropic diffusion of the monomer in the liquid crystal. After the monomers are polymerized, they phase separate from the liquid crystals to form anisotropic fiber-like polymer networks which mimic the structure of the liquid crystal during the polymerization. The polymer networks consist of cylindrical shape fibers with submicron lateral diameter and hundreds of microns in longitudinal length. The inter-distance between the fibers is typically a few microns. 

When the applied field is slightly above the threshold field the lilt angle 6 is small. Equation (11.64) beeomes 

Using the Euler-Lagrange method to minimize the free energy, we get 

From the symmetry of the system we can see that the liquid crystal orientation must be symmetric about the x = L/2 and y = L/2 lines. An approximate solution of the liquid crystal tilt angle is 

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Polymer-dispersed LC (PDLC) [30], polymer-stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) [31], and LC gels [32] all exhibit optical scattering characteristics and have wide applications in displays and optical devices. The LC gel-based reflective LCD can also be extended to transflective... 

Defect-free polymer-stabilized V-shaped switching (PSV)-FLCD is realized by using a smooth PI alignment film [32], for example, the highly smooth PI (RN-1199) of Nissan Chemical Industries that has been widely used for in-plane switching (IPS)-LCD and fringe field switching (FFS)-LCD. 

S. Kawamoto, M. Oh-kochi, S. Kundu, H. Hasebe, H. Takatsu, S. Kobayashi, Polymer-stabilized V-mode FLCDs and their application to color sequential fullcolor LCDs. Display... 

T. Fujisawa, I. Nishiyama, K. Hatsusaka, K. Takeuchi, H. Takatsu, S. Kobayashi, Field sequential full color LCDs using polymer-stabilized V-shaped ferroelectric Uquid crystals. Ferroelectrics 364, 78-85 (2008)... 

Demonstration of polymer-stabilized BP-LCD Wide use of LED back-lights Samsung... 

PEDOT is a widely used / -type semiconductca . Typical applications include hole injection layers in OLEDs and LCD, antistatic coatings, electrically switchable windows, and polymer solar cells. In most of these applications, PEDOT-poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT-PSS) copolymer is used because of improved solubility, film forming properties and stability [118]. 

PMMA is a versatile material because of its transparency and durability, and it has been widely used in a broad range of fields, such as lenses for glasses, panels for building windows, skylights, signs and displays, liquid-crystal displays (LCD), and furniture. Different methacrylate polymers are extensively used in medical and dental devices where purity and stability are critical to performance. 

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