In-plane switching

INPAMONITOR file, 18 246 INPANEW file, 18 246 In-plane moire theory, 17 426 In-plane switching technique,... 

Figure 3.21 Schematic representation of an in-plane switching liquid crystal display (IPS-...

In plane switching PC monitors. Af 10-12 Very wide viewing angle... 

Shortly after the commercial introduction of the first active matrix LCD in 1989 it became clear that cyano-based liquid crystals of the second generation (e.g. 3-6) cannot be used for this application. Even after extensive purification, the voltage holding ratio of this type of material is too low. The stringent reliability requirements could, on the other hand, be easily fulfilled with super-fluorinated materials (SFM), such as those depicted in Scheme 4.11. For this reason - with in-plane switching (IPS) technology as the only exception - only SFM are currently used in AM-LCD. 

In display technology flat-panel-displays are today in production. Advanced products such as large screen plasma displays and miniature thin-film-transistor-liquid-crystal display (LCDs) are commercially available. Recently the quality and reliablility have improved considerably. So, for instance, the conical viewing angle of liquid crystal displays has been extended to nearly 160° with in-plane-switching active-matrix LCDs. 

In LCDs various LC modes of operation are applied like twisted nematic (TN) [5], super twisted nematic (STN)[6], vertically aligned nematic (VAN) [7,8], optically compensated birefringence (OCB) [9] and in plane switching (IPS) [10-12]. The LC mode used depends on the demands of a specific application, like the viewing angle, power consumption and manufacturing cost. 

R. Kiefer, B. Weber, F. Windscheid and G. Baur, In-plane switching of nematic liquid crystals. In Proceedings of 12th IDRC Japan Display, Society for Information Display, Hiroshima, 1992, pp. 547-550. 

In-plane switching Indium-tin-oxide Liquid crystal Liquid crystal display Liquid crystalline elastomer Nematic... 

Positive Ae LCs have been used in twisted nematic (TN) [31] and in-plane switching (IPS) [32,33] displays, although IPS can also use negative Ae LCs. For thin-fUm-transistor (TFT) based displays, the employed LC material must possess a high resistivity [34]. Fluorinated compounds exhibit a high resistivity and are the natural candidates for TFT LCD applications [35,36]. A typical fluorinated LC structure is shown below ... 

M. Oh-e and K. Kondo, Electro-optical characteristics and switching behavior of the in-plane switching mode, Appl Phys. Lett., 67, 3895 (1995). 

M. Oh-e, M. Ohta, S. Arantani, and K Kondo, Principles and characteristics of electro-optical behavior with in-plane switching mode, Asia Display 95, p. 577 (1995). 

Y. Sun, Z. Zhang, H. Ma, et al.. Optimal rabbing angle for reflective in-plane-switching liquid crystal display, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 4907 (2002). 

J. E. Anderson and P. J. Bos, Methods and concerns of compensating in-plane switching liquid crystal displays, Jpn. J. Appl Phys., Part 1, 39, 6388 (2000). 

Y. Saitoh, S. Kimura, K. Kusafuka, and H. Shimizu, Optimum film compensation of viewing angle of contrast in in-plane-switching-mode liquid crystal display, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 37, 4822, (1998). 

F. Di Pasqual, H. Deng, F. A. Fernandez, et al.. Theoretical and experimental study of nematic liquid crystal display cells using the in-plane-switching mode, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 46, 661 (1999). 

X. Zhu and S. T. Wu, Super wide view in-plane switching LCD with positive and negative uniaxial a-films compensation, SID Digest Tech. Papers, 34, 1164 (2005). 

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