Polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone

PROPERTIES AND USE IN ANALYSIS OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER - POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE... 

Mucoadhesives are generally macromolecular organic polymers made from natural (gelatin, agarose, chitosan, hyaluronic acid) or synthetic polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose derivates). They possess hydrophilic groups that can... 

Sodium decyl sulfate, non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethyl-ene(20) sorbitan monooleate, and the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone have been shown to enhance the photobleaching of riboflavin (Kostenbauder and DeLuca, 1963 Kostenbauder et al., 1965). The effects of surfactants and other macromolecules on the rate constants for the photobleaching of riboflavin and acetylriboflavin together with the relative fluorescent... 

The effect of interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate with the polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, on the foaming of aqueous solutions of the former has been investigated by Folmer and Kronberg (2000). Depending upon the surfactant and polymer concentrations, the foaming can either be decreased or increased. Foaming increases when surface and/or bulk viscosities are increased by the surfactant-polymer concentration it decreases when surfactant-polymer interaction in the bulk phase causes desorption of them from the air-aqueous solution interface. 

A novel catalyst consisting of colloidal palladium adsorbed onto the surface of a water-insoluble polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, has been shown to hydrogenate only the outer leaflet of rat platelets [59]. The effect of hydrogenation was to influence the asymmetric distribution of the phospholipids of the membrane. Catalytic hydrogenation of a phytopathogenic fungus [60] has also been reported. 

Figure 96.1 The PVP-I complex. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), a complex of the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone and iodine, is a water-soluble powder containing 10% iodine. The available iodine content in the preparation varies from 0.05 to 1%. PVP-I solutions used for disinfection of the skin or wounds have a 1 % iodine content.

Uses Comonomer for water-solThydrophilic polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, organic synthesis, paints grafting reagent for ashless lubricant dispersants reactive diluent for radiation-cured inks and lacquers ManufJDistrib. Albemarle Aldrich /VIchem Ind. BASF Fluka Hampford Research ISP Jarchem Ind. Monomer-Polymer Dajac Labs Polysciences... 

Figure 7.4 Chromatograms of non-ionic hydrophobic polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidones with molecular masses of 10000 A 40000 (B) and 360000 (C)) obtained on TSK gel GMPW (two 600 X 7.5 mm LD. columns) with 0.1 M sodium nitrate-acetonitrile mixture (80 20 by volume) at a flow rate of 1 mLmin and 25°C [15]. 

Working with mouse embryos, Pushotten and Pincus (1961) presented data comparable to that which they had obtained for the rabbit. Two- and eight-cell stages could be cultured up to morula on a defined medium in the absence of serum, but for morula to differentiate into blastocysts serum appeared essential. Brinster (1965) observed that a source of nitrogen was essential for the development of the 2-cell mouse embryo to the blastocyst stage. This requirement could be met by providing either bovine serum albumin or a mixture of free amino acids in conjunction with the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone. In this study, it was not possible to demonstrate an inhibitory response to the omission of... 

Talsky 1982 4, 5 Residual monomers in polymers polyvinylpyrrolidones with different molar masses 210... 

These studies were undertaken using a pressure-jump apparatus over the time range 10-10 sec. incorporating a rapid data capture and analysis system. The polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP, (Aldrich) was used without further purification. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, (Henkel) was chosen as the surfactant system, since a considerable wealth of equilibrium data were already available involving this surfactant. SDS was purified by repeated recrystallisation from two solvents until the relaxation time at the CMC agreed with literature values. 

Addition of polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the microstructure of a microemulsion system consisting of [bmun][BFJ/TX-100/cyclohexane evidenced a remarkable reduction in the microemulsion zone [121], An enhancement in droplet diameter and viscosity of the microemulsion was observed with the addition of both [bmim][BFJ and PVP the latter was only solubilized inside the polar IL core of the microemulsion droplets (Scheme 10.5). 

As a model liquid three different polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of different molecular weights are used. These polymers are made available by BASF SE. Luvitec K17 has a mean molecular weight of 9000 Da, Luvitec K30 has 49,000 Da and Luvitec K90 has 1,250,000 Da. The letter K is an abbreviation for the fsT-value, a value that is proportional to the intrinsic viscosity and therefore proportional to the mean molecular weight. Applications of these polymers are found in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, because they are not toxic and have a universal solubility, ranged from hydrophilic solvent to hydrophobic solvents [1]. The effect on surface tension is described as low and measurements show a variation between 63 and 67 mN/m, changing with the fsT-value of the polymer. In addition to these solutions glycerin-water mixtures of different mass fractions are used to compare the effect of higher viscosities. 

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