Polymer electrolytes polyacrylonitrile

Figure 1. Temperature variation of the conductivity for a cross-section of polymer electrolytes. PESc, poly (ethylene succinate) PEO, polyethylene oxide) PPO, polypropylene oxide) PEI, poly(ethyleneimine) MEEP, poly(methoxyethoxy-ethoxyphosphazene) aPEO, amorphous methoxy-linked PEO PAN, polyacrylonitrile PC, propylene carbonate EC, ethylene carbonate.

Pandey, G. P., A. C. Rastogi, and C. R. Westgate. 2013. Polyacrylonitrile and 1-ethyl-3-methyliniidazolium thiocyanate based gel polymer electrolyte for solid-state supercapacitors with graphene electrodes. Electrochemical Capacitors 50 145-151. 

Polymer electrolyte is composed of polymer substrate and metal salt. Possible polymer substrates include polyethylene oxide, poly vinylidene fluoride, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene chloride, and polyacrylonitrile. Examples of cations of metal salt are li, Na, K, and Mg. Possible anions are BF, SCN, SO3CF3, AsF PF and NfCFjSOj). An inorganic modifier such as nanopartide Ti02 can be added to increase mechanical properties of supercapadtor. Mass is divided so that polymer substrate is 30 to 90 wt%, metal salt is to 2 to 30 wt%, and nanotube modifier is 3 to 30 wt%. 

FIGURE 34.6 Variation of conductivity with temperature of different classes of polymer electrolytes. PEO = polyethylene oxide. CPE = cross-hnked polyvinylether. MEEP = poly[bis(methoxy ethoxy ethoxide)]. PAN = polyacrylonitrile. 

Figure 22.19 Cycling data for a lithium-PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-based polymer electrolyte oxygen battery at room temperature in an atmosphere of oxygen. The cathode contained 20wt% catalyzed Chevron...

Raghavan P, Manuel J, Zhao X, Kim D-S, Ahn J-H, Nah C (2011) Preparation and electrochemical characterization of gel polymer electrolyte based on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nonwoven membranes for lithium batteries. J Power Sources 196(16) 6742-6749. doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.10.089... 

Wu G, Yang H-Y, Chen H-Z, Yuan F, Yang L-G, Wang M, Fu R-J (2007) Novel porous polymer electrolyte based on polyacrylonitrile. Mater Chem Phys 104(2-3) 284-287, http //dx.doi.oig/ 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.03.013... 

Prasanth R, Aravindan V, Srinivasan M (2012) Novel polymer electrolyte based on cobweb electrospun multi component polymer blend of polyacrylonitrile/poly(methyl methacry-late)/polystyrene for hthium ion batteries-Preparation and electrochemical characterization. J Power Sources 202 299-307. doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.11.057... 

Blends of PEO with other polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) can also be plasticized with PC and EC. Their ionic conductivity is higher than that of the bare polymer, and they are stable up to 4.4 V. From Section 10.7, it is known that the thermal stability of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is better. When PAN is blended with PEO to form a gel polymer electrolyte. 

Polymer electrolytes have received considerable attentions for higher-performance rechargeable battery applications due to their advantages of safer, lighter, and more flexible in shape compared with their hquid counterparts. Many kinds of polymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), have been widely studied as host polymers for preparation of electrospun fibrous membranes as separators for lithium-ion batteries [19-21]. 

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