Poly polymer electrolytes

The recent example of the ab initio structure determination of the polymer electrolyte Poly (ethylene oxide)6 LiAsFe by Bruce et is a notable example of the complex structures that can be determined from powder diffraction on a pulsed neutron source. Polymer electrolytes consist of salts dissolved in solid high molecular weight polymers, and represent a unique class of solid coordination compounds. Their importance lies in their potential in the development of truly all-solid-state rechargeable batteries. The structure of the 6 1 complex is particularly important, as it is a region where the conductivity increases markedly. The structure of the complex is distinct from all known crystal structures of PEO salt complexes (see Figure 7). The Li-i- cations are arranged in rows, with each row located inside a cylindrical surface formed by two PEO chains, with the PEO chains adopting a previously unobserved conformation. Furthermore the anions are located outside the PEO cylinders and are not coordinated with the cations. 

M. Kawahara, J. Morita, M. Rikukawa, K. Sanui, and N. Ogata. Synthesis and proton conductivity of thermally stable polymer electrolyte Poly(benzimidazole) complexes with strong acid molecules. Electrochimica Acta 45, 1395-1398 2000. 

Carlsson, R, D. Andersson, J. Swenson, R.L. McGreevy, W. Howells, and L. Borjesson. 2004. Structural investigations of polymer electrolyte poly(propylene oxide)-LiC104 using diffraction experiments, f Chem Phys 121 12026. 

P. Lightfoot, M. A. Mehta, P. G. Brace, Science 1993,262, 883-885. Crystal structure of the polymer electrolyte poly(ethylene oxide)3 LiCF3S03. 

Siqueira, L. J. A. Ribeiro, M. C. C., Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Polymer Electrolyte Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Liclo4. li. Dynamical Properties. J. Chem. Phys. 2006,125, 214903-214908. 

R. Dupon, D. H. Whitmore, D. F. Shriver, Transference number measurements for the polymer electrolyte poly(ethylene oxide) Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1981, 128, 715. 

G. S. MacGlashan, Y. G. Andreev, P. G. Bruce, Structure of the polymer electrolyte poly(ethylene oxide)(6) LLAsFg, Nature 1999, 398, 792. 

Siqueira LJA, Ribeiro MCC (2006) Molecular dynamics simulation of the polymer electrolyte poly(ethylene oxide)/LiC104 11. Dynamical properties. J Chem Phys 125 214903... 

Jelle et al. [294] have reported that electrochromatic display consists of polyaniline, Prussian blue, WO3, the solid polymer electrolyte poly(2-acryloamido-2-methyl-... 

While the electrolyte layer used commercially is usually electrolyte solvent/Li salt with a porous separator (e.g., Celgard ), polymer addition to the electrolyte layer is becoming more prevalent due to safety considerations. With polymer addition, two types of systems are generally considered, namely, solid polymer electrolyte and a gel polymer electrolyte. Poly(ethylene oxide) is the preferred material for the solid polymer electrolyte which is comprised of polymer and Li salt with limited to no organic electrolyte solvent. The gel polymer electrolyte is comprised of polymer, Li salt and a large amount of organic electrolyte solvent. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and copolymers, PMMA, and PAN are often noted as key candidates for gel polymer electrolyte layers. Not surprising, polymer blends have been proposed for both... 

The initial trigger for studying this was that Kato and Ohno were members of the Polymer Nano Organization, a Scientific Research Priority Research of MEXT that was headed by Prof. Toyoki Kunitake from 1996 to 1998. At that time, Kato had built various supramolecular hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals [150-152]. Among them was one that had an oxyethylene chain [153], In the past, Ohno had studied polymer electrolyte, poly (ethylene oxide), complexed with lithium salts. The combination of these two concepts, i.e., lithium salt liquid crystals having oxyethylene chains, should lead to liquid electrolytes having ion channels that anisotropically carry ions. 

Lithium-polymer (e.g., Li-VeOis) Polymer electrolyte Poly(ethylene oxide) with lithium salt... 

LIGHTFOOT, p., NowiNSKi, j.L. and BRUCE, P.G., 1994. Crystal structures of the polymer electrolytes poly(ethylene oxide)4 MSCN (M = NH, K). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 116(16), 7469-7470. 

FRECH R, CHINTAPALLI s, BRUCE p and VINCENT c A, Structure of an amorphous polymer electrolyte, poly(ethylene oxide)3 LiCF3S03 , Chem Commun, 1997, 157-158... 

PAPKE B L, RATNER M A and SHRivER D F, Vibrational spectroscopy and structure of polymer electrolytes, poly(ethylene oxide) complexes of alkali metal salts , / Phys Chem Solids, 1981,42,493-500... 

Solid polymer electrolyte poly(vinylacetate-methylmethacrylate) (SPE) based on P(VAc-MMA)... 

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