Polymer electrolyte membranes characterization

Xiao, L. et al.. Synthesis and characterization of pyridine-based polybenzimidazoles for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. Fuel Cells, 5, 287, 2005. 

Let us consider the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs in the cathode of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), in an acidic environment. Although a variety of ORR mechanisms have been proposed, the four-electron pathway is primarily used to characterize the behavior of this reaction at a platinum electrode or a glassy carbon electrode coated with a platinum-based catalyst. The overall reaction is given by... 

B. ViSHNUPRIYA, K. Ramya, K. S. Dhathathreyan. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(phenyl-ene oxides) as membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 83 (2002) 1792-1798. 

Chen J, Asano M, Yamaki T, Yoshida M (2006) Preparation and characterization of chemically stable polymer electrolyte membranes by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of four monomers into ETFE films. J Membr Sci 269 194-204... 

Anis A, Banthia AK, Bandyopadhyay S (2008) Synthesis and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol copolymer/phosphomolybdic acid-baed crosslinked composite polymer electrolyte membranes. J Power Sources 179 69-80... 

Lobato J, Canizares P, Rodrigo MA, Linares JJ, Manjavacas G (2006) Synthesis and characterization of poly[2,2-(m-phenylene)-5,5-bibenzimidazole] as polymer electrolyte membrane for high temperature PEMFCs. J Membr Sci 280 351-362... 

Aslan A, Bozkurt A. Development and characterization of polymer electrolyte membranes based on ionical cross-linked poly(l-vinyl-1, 2,4 triazole) and poly(vinylphosphonic acid). J Power Sources 2009 191(2) 442-7. 

Zhang F-Y, SpemjakD, Prasad AK, Advani SG. In situ characterization of the catalyst layer in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 2007 154(ll) B1152-7. 

Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel ceO technology Volume 2 In situ characterization techniques for low temperature fuel cells... 

Y. Perez-Padflla, M.A. Smit, M.J. Aguilar-Vega, Preparation and characterization of sulfonated copolyamides based on poly (hexafluoroisopropylidene) isophthalamides for polymer electrolytic membranes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50 (16) (2011) 9617-9624.(Figure 4.8)... 

G. Qian, B.C. Benicewicz, Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight hexafluoroisopropylidene containing polybenzimidazole for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 47 (16) (2009) 4064-4073. 

The main difference between the AFC and PAFC is the gas-tight solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a sohd proton exchange membrane which has as its main function the transport of protons from anode to cathode. To investigate the physical and electrochemical origins of the performance loss in PEFC—operated at different conditions like high current densities, fuel composition (neat H2, H2 -1- lOOppm CO, H2O), flow rates, temperature, air or pure oxygen, etc.—electrochemical impedance studies on different PEFC systems with different electrodes and membranes were performed, as mentioned in Section 4.5.4.1. First impedance measurements and interpretation of FIS performed to characterize PEFC were reported by Srinivasan et al. [1988], Fletcher [1992], Wilson et al. [1993] and Poltarzewski et al. [1992], With increasing research and development effort to improve the PEFC performance and availability of suitable instrumentation the number of publications has increased. 

In Chapter 10, the authors will demonstrate the preparation techniques for ASPEM and the characterization results. The relationship between structure and properties will be discussed and compared. The double-layer carbon air cathodes were also prepared for solid-state alkaline metal fuel cell fabrication. The alkaline solid state electrochemical systems, sueh as Ni-MH, Zn-air fuel cells, Al-air fuel cells, Zn-Mn02 and Al-Mn02 cells, were assembled with anodes, cathodes and alkaline solid polymer electrolyte membranes. The electrochemical cells showed excellent cell power density and high electrode utilization. Therefore, these PVA-based solid polymer electrolyte membranes have great advantages in the applications for all-solid-state alkaline fuel cells. Some other potential applieations include small electrochemical devices, sueh as supercapacitors and 3C electronic products. 

In recent years, it has evidenced a remarkable progress using solid-state MAS NMR to monitor the structure and dynamics, especially hydrogen bonding network and proton dynamics of polymer exchange membrane. Suarez and Greenbaum have reviewed the contribution of NMR spectroscopy to the development of the PEMFC, with particular emphasis on its use in the characterization of structure and transport in polymer electrolyte membranes [3]. Graf reviewed the application of 2D rotor-synchronized... 

K.W. Feindel, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for polymer electrolyte membrane and direct alcohol fuel ceU characterization, in C. Hattnig, C. Roth (Eds.), Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology, In Sim Characterization Techniques for Low Temperature Fuel Cells, vol. 2, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK, 2012. 

The fuel cell (EC) presents a clean power source alternative to current internal combustion engines. Among the many types of PCs characterized by their electrolytes, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is lightweight and small, has a reasonably facile membrane fabrication, and shows great promise. However, one key weak point that continues to draw attention is the slow dynamic limitation demonstrated by PEMFCs during experimental use and the negative consequences that can result. 

Lai, Y, Mittelsteadt, C.K., Gittleman, C.S., Dillard, D.A. 2005. Viscoelastic stress model and mechanical characterization of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer electrolyte membranes. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, May 23-25, Ypsilanti, MI, p. 161. 

As a result, a wide range of various FBI polymer variants or copol3maers with synthetically modified or Af-substituted structures have been produced, characterized, and evaluated for applications in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. 

Orazem ME (2013) Application of impedance spectroscopy to characterize polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel cells. ECS Trans 50 247-260... 

Andreasen SJ, Kasr SK, Sahlin SL (2013) Control and experimental characterization of a methanol reformer for a 350 W high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system. Int J Hydrog Energy 38 1676-1684... 

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