Benzene soluble polymers

Heat 20 g. of styrene (Section IX,6) with 0 -2 g. of benzoyl peroxide (Section IV,196) on a water bath for 60-90 minutes. A glass-bke polymer (polystyrene) is produced. The polymer is soluble in benzene and in dioxan and can be precipitated from its solution by alcohol. 

Two polymers have been prepared with the benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and either bis-l,3-(4-aminophenoxy)-benzene or bis-l,3-(4-aminophenoxy)-2-cyano-benzene (Fig. 5.6). Both polymers are soluble in NMP and their Tg values are respectively 191 and 243°C.59... 

In each case, the polymer is obtained as a white elastomer of high molecular weight (>106 in some experiments). Each of these polymers is soluble in benzene, in chlorinated hydrocarbons and in dipolar aprotic solvents. Figure 1 shows the kinetics of chloride substitution by tetra-n-butylammonium benzoate in N,N-dimethylacetamide at 50°C, for PECH and for the polymers of 2a-c. Under these conditions, each of the higher homologues is about equally reactive, and all are converted to the benzoate more rapidly than PECH. Each... 

Conjugated boron polymers containing platimnn or palladium atom in the main chain were also prepared by hydroboration polymerization between tetrayne/ metal complex monomers and tripylborane (scheme 16).30 From gel permeation chromatographic analysis [THF, polystyrene (PSt) standards], the number-average molecular weights of the polymers obtained were found to be 9000. The polymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as THF, chloroform, and benzene. The absorption peaks due to tt-tt transition were observed around 390 nm in the UV-vis spectra of these polymers. The fluorescence emission spectra exhibited intense peaks at 490 nm in chloroform. 

None of the polymers were soluble at room temperature, showing only mild swelling in benzene. 

The photopolymerization of St with catalytic amount of 52 as the pho-toiniferter gave a benzene-soluble polymer that contains a styryl double bond and a DC group at the polymer chain ends. When this macromonomer-iniferter 54 was copolymerized with a second monomer in the presence of an azo initiator, the formation of a high molecular weight graft copolymer was confirmed by GPC data. The monomer iniferter 52 was also used for the preparation of photoresist polymers [189]. 

Organic peroxide are used to polymerise the esters by solvent or emulsion polymerisation. They form tough and pliable film. They are also used as plasticising agents for vinyl polymers. The polymer is soluble in benzene, toluene, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, etc. 

Pu reported the synthesis of axially chiral-conjugated polymer 82 bearing a chiral binaphthyl moiety in the main chain by the cross-coupling polymerization of chiral bifunctional boronic acid 80 with dibromide 81 (Equation (39)). The polymer is soluble in common organic solvents, such as THE, benzene, toluene, pyridine, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane. The polymer composed of racemic 80 was also synthesized, and the difference of characteristics was examined. Optically active polymer 82 was shown to enhance fluorescence quantum yield up to = 0.8 compared with the racemic 82 ( = 0.5). Morphologies of the optically active and racemic polymers were also compared with a systematic atomic-force microscopy (AEM). 

Polymers with solubility parameters differing from those of the solvent by at least 2.0 H, will not dissolve in the solvent at room temperature. Thus although unvulcanized natural rubber (NR), unvulcanized styrene-butadiene elastomer (SBR), unvulcanized butyl rubber, and EPDM dissolve in gasoline or benzene, the vulcanized (cross-linked) polymers are swollen but will not dissolve due to the presence of the crosslinks. 

Photo or thermal Atmosphere Additive Time (min) Yield (mg) D8S40/D9S0a VCZ in total polymer (mol-%) Benzene soluble fraction (wt-%)... 

The synthesis of phenoxaphosphine-containing PODs by the cydodehydration of polyhydrazides obtained from 2,8-dichloroformyl-10-phenylphenoxaphosphine-10-oxide and aliphatic and aromatic dihydrazides has been described (60). All polymers are soluble in formic acid, -cresol, and cone H2S04, but insoluble or partially soluble in benzene, chloroform, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide. 

Water-soluble metal salts of alkyllrisilanols are efficient in the reduction of surface tension. A silicone putty is made by compounding a benzene-soluble silicone polymer with silica powder and an inorganic tiller. 

Before grafting, butadiene and acrylonitrile were diluted with benzene (0.25 part of benzene for one part of monomer). Other conditions were constant. The precipitation curve shown in Figure 7 is not very different from that of the standard graft polymer (without benzene). The PVC percentage in the first group of fractions is ca. 60-70%. The slope of the curve has two maxima which correspond to the two groups of fractions. The polymer is soluble at 20°C precipitation is continuous above n = 10-12 with a maximum value of the slope at n = 21-22. 

Cross Linking. Tieing together of the structural units of wood with stable molecular cross-links should greatly reduce its tendency to swell. This is illustrated by the fact that incorporating only small amounts of divinyl benzene in the vinyl benzene used 1n making polystyrene, converts the polymer from a benzene soluble to a benzene insoluble material (21), with single cross-links per several thousand carbon atoms in each polymer chain. 

See Chapter 1. The benzene-soluble cyclic hexamer (H2SiO)8 is formed by the hydrolysis of H2SiCl2 in benzene a variety of other liquid and solid polymers results from the oxidation of SiH4 or the hydrolysis of H2SiCl2 without solvents. 

The catalyst solution(0.05 mL) is added to a dry two-necked round-bottomed flask (100 mL), equipped with a gas inlet, under a continuous steam of nitrogen. The flask is then heated to 55°C. After several minutes, a white solid is deposited and no more solvent is visible. At this stage the siloxane (1.00 g) is added, the flask equipped with a drying tube, and the nitrogen inlet removed and replaced with a stopper. The flask is heated rapidly to 160°C to initiate the polymerization process and the polymerization is allowed to proceed for 3 h, whereupon a highly viscous polymeric oil is formed. The polymer is soluble in benzene and toluene. ... 

Figure 5. 60MC NMR spectrum for benzene soluble, low molecular weight polymer. Integral applies to CClh sample...

Product Isolation and Analysis. At the conclusion of the run, the reactor was partially filled with benzene and refluxed on a steam bath for two hours. The benzene soluble material from the column was combined with the yellow brown solid which collected in the lower receiver. The insoluble material was swelled by benzene and generally loosened from the glass dielectric surface. This insoluble material was filtered off, washed several times with chloroform and dried overnight at 70 °C. in a vacuum oven. The reactor was cleaned with a 5% hydrofluoric acid solution to remove final traces of polymer after each run. Benzene insoluble polymer—0.7 gram yellow brown color, % C 86.95, %H 7.17, C/H 1.01. 

The benzene containing all solid products from the reactor and pot residue was reduced to 30 ml. volume by vacuum distillation at 50 °C. Considerable foaming was encountered, requiring careful control of the distillation. The 30 ml. of brown benzene solution was added to 300 ml. isooctane at room temperature. A yellow solid precipitated immediately and was collected by filtration. After several washings with hot methanol, the material was dried for eight hours at 70°C. in a vacuum oven. Benzene soluble polymer-Fraction 1, 2.3 grams, M.W. 4360, % C 88.32, %H 7.18, C/H 1.02. 

Cyclopolymers having 13-membered rings as repeating units were obtained by cationic initiation of l,2-bis(2-ethenyloxyeth-oxy)benzene under the conditions shown in Eq. 7 and summarized in Table V. The polymer was soluble in essentially all common organic solvents but insoluble in water and petroleum ether. The absorptions of the vinyloxy group were completely absent in the IR spectrum of polymer JL3. The CMR showed complete absence of vinyloxy carbons, but saturated aliphatic backbone carbons appeared. The solubility and spectroscopic evidence is consistent with the proposed structure 13. 

We found that radical, anionic, and coordination polymerization gave benzene-insoluble polymer or soluble polymer as shown in Table V (26). These polymers, however, did not exhibit the characteristic spectra for [3.3]paracyclophane units above mentioned. Therefore they were concluded not to be cyclopolymer. Only cationic initiators could induce cyclopolymerization of St-Cj-St (27, 28). 

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