Polyethylene oxide -based electrolyte

Room temperature sensors based on a V2O5-graphite cathode and a polyethylene oxide-based electrolyte were reported by Sathiyamoorthi etal. [55]. The gas is sampled through the porous cathode and for both chlorine and fluorine good sensitivity and rapid response times were observed. 

SUN, H.Y., TAKEDA, Y., IMANISHI, N., YAMAMOTO, 0. and soHN, H., 2000. FeiToelectric materials as a ceramic filler in solid composite polyethylene oxide-based electrolytes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 147(7), 2462-2467. 

Hayamizu and Akiba measured self-diffusion coefficients of lithium ion, anion and solvent in the electrolytes for lithium batteries. The self-association of some anions is discussed. Sekhon et u/. investigated the diffusive motion of cations and anions in polyethylene oxide based polymer electrolytes. Translational motion was found above Tg. 

Chen-Yang, Y.W., Wang, Y, Chen, Y, Li, Y, Chen, H., and Chiu, H. (2008) Influence of silica aerogel on the properties of polyethylene oxide-based nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for lithium battery, J. Power Sourc., 182, 340-348. 

State-of-the-art thin film Li" cells comprise carbon-based anodes (non-graphitic or graphite), solid polymer electrolytes (such as those formed by solvent-free membranes, for example, polyethylene oxide, PEO, and a lithium salt like LiPFe or LiCFsSOs), and metal oxide based cathodes, in particular mixed or doped oxides... 

Polyethylene oxide) associates in solution with certain electrolytes (48—52). For example, high molecular weight species of poly(ethylene oxide) readily dissolve in methanol that contains 0.5 wt % KI, although the resin does not remain in methanol solution at room temperature. This salting-in effect has been attributed to ion binding, which prevents coagulation in the nonsolvent. Complexes with electrolytes, in particular lithium salts, have received widespread attention on account of the potential for using these materials in a polymeric battery. The performance of solid electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) in terms of ion transport and conductivity has been discussed (53—58). The use of complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) in analytical chemistry has also been reviewed (59). 

In addition, various gel electrolytes were investigated for EDLC as well. Polyethylene oxide) (PEO)-, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)-, polymethylmethacrylate) (PMMA)- and poly(vinylidene flouride) (PVdF)-based gel electrolytes, which have been applied for secondary lithium batteries [5-7,50,51,64], were also studied as electrolyte systems for EDLC with carbon electrodes [65-68],... 

Lewandowski, A., Zajder, M., Fr ckowiak, E., Begum, E, 2001. Supercapacitor based on activated carbon and polyethylene oxide-KOH-H20 polymer electrolyte. Electrochim. Acta 46,2777-2780. 

Other strategies aim to restrict formation of the crystalline phases of the polymeric electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) ... 

On the other hand, the highest LUMO is that of polyethylene oxide (PEO). PEO and polypropylene oxide (PPO) are very familiar as polymer electrolytes. According to this calculated result PEO and PPO can be stable in an anodic environment but may not be stable in a cathodic environment because the HOMO of both polymers is very high. In addition, PEO and PPO are soluble in organic solvents and cannot be used as a binder. The LUMO of polyethylene (PE) is high and we expect it to be stable in an anodic environment. But it is difficult to dissolve PE in organic solvents. The LUMOs of PVdF and SBR are almost the same as that of PE, and thus these compounds may be used as a binder. So, the prediction based on the theoretical calculations is consistent with the actual choice of binder for both electrodes. 

Polymer electrolytes in EC-devices reported between 1998 and 2001 (Granqvist, 2003) were e.g., polyethylene oxide (PEO) and (PAMPS) as H+ conducting polymers and Li+ conducting polymers were based e.g., on polymethyl-methaaylate (PMMA) copolymerized with propylene carbonate or poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate) (PEGMA) copolymerized with PEO or poly(vinyhdene fluoride) (PVDF) to which was added an appropriate Li salt to turn them conducting. 

First generation of electrolytes based on the combination of high molecular weight of polyethylene-oxide (PEO) polymer host materials and lithium salts... 

The early batteries used polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolytes containing a Uthium salt, which have an appreciable conductivity at about 100°C but low conductivity at room temperature. Later new polymeric electrolyte materials, sucb as PEO copolymers, PEO blends, plasticized PEO electrolytes, and gelled electrolytes, with better conductivity were developed. Some of the cathode materials investigated for these batteries are TiS2, VO V2O5, Li Co02 and sulfur-based polymers. 

Polyethylene oxide was the first material utilized as the matrix material. Initially, it was necessary to operate the cells at elevated temperatures (100°C) to obtain adequate conductivities (10 S/cm), but a variety of polymeric electrolytes that may be useful at normal ambient temperatures were subsequently developed. This polymer electrolyte battery is based on thin-film components that incorporate large area electrolyte and electrode layers. A general cell can be schematized as ... 

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