Polyester with cyanoacrylate adhesives

Epoxies, isocyanate cured polyester, and cyanoacrylates are used to bond acetal copolymer. Generally, the surface is treated with a sulfuric-chromic acid treatment. Epoxies have shown 150 to 500 psi shear strength on sanded surfaces and 500 to 1000 psi on chemically treated surfaces. Plasma treatment has also been shown to be effective on acetal substrates. Acetal homopolymer surfaces should be chemically treated prior to bonding. This is accomplished with a sulfuric-chromic acid treatment followed by a solvent wipe. Epoxies, nitrile, and nitrile-phenolics can be used as adhesives. 

Adhesives commonly used are epoxies, urethanes, isocyanate cured polyesters, nitrile-phenolic, and cyanoacrylate. Only cleaning is required prior to applying the adhesive. A recommended surface cleaner is isopropyl alcohol. Cellulosic plastics may contain plasticizers. The extent of plasticizer migration and the compatibility with the adhesive must be... 

Polystyrene parts are conventionally solvent cemented or heat welded. However, urethanes, epoxies, unsaturated polyesters, and cyanoacrylates will provide good adhesion to abraded and solvent cleaned surfaces. Hot-melt adhesives are used in the furniture industry. Polystyrene foams will collapse when in contact with certain solvents. For polystyrene foams, a 100 percent sohds adhesive or a water-based contact adhesive is recommended. 

Most engineering adhesives will bond readily to thermoset polyesters - often achieving substrate failure on test pieces (Table 3.4). Roughening the surface is usually beneficial, especially with the faster-curing cyanoacrylate adhesives. 

Structural adhesive types recommended are epoxy (up to 71°C), polyester with isocyanate-curing agent (up to 121°C), and cyanoacrylate (up to 82°C). Structural adhesives for bonding acetal copolymer to itself have yielded shear strengths of 4.1—5.5 MPa. Nonstructural adhesives are usually... 

Adhesives used to bond acetal homopolymer (Dehin ) to itself and to other materials, such as aluminum, steel, natural rubber, neoprene rubber, and Buna rubber, include polyester with isocyanate-curing agent, rubber-based adhesives, phenohcs, epoxies, modified epoxies, and vinyls. Solvent cementing cannot be used unless the surfaces are specially roughened, because of the high solvent resistance of this material [23]. Other adhesive types sometimes used are resorcinol, vinyl-phenolic, ethylene vinyl acetate, cyanoacrylates, and polyurethane. 

Typical surface preparation calls for cleaning with acetone, MEK, or other common solvent. Once clean, the substrate is then mechanically abraded with sand, grit or vapor blast, or steel wool. The surface is again wiped clean with fresh solvent. Typical adhesives that are employed include epoxies, urethanes, and cyanoacrylates. Polysulfides, furanes, and polyester adhesives have also been suggested. 

Polystyrene Although polystyrene is usually bonded by solvent cementing, it can be bonded with vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride solution adhesives, acrylics, polyurethanes, unsaturated polyesters, epoxies, urea-formaldehyde, rubber-base adhesives, polyamide (Versamid-base), polymethylmethacrylate, and cyanoacrylates. The adhesives should be medium-to-heavy viscosity and room-temperature and contact-pressure curing. An excellent source is a Monsanto Company technical information bulletin which recommends particular commercial adhesives for bonding polystyrene to a number of different surfaces. Adhesives are recommended in the fast-, medium-, and slow-setting ranges (10). 

Polysulfone A number of adhesives have been found useful for joining polysufone to itself or to other materials. These include 3M Company s EC 880 solvent-base adhesive, EC 2216 room-temperaturecuring epoxy two-part paste, Bloomingdale Division, American Cyana-mid Company BR-92 modified epoxy with DICY curing agent, or curing agent "Z" (both spreadable pastes), vinyl-phenolics, epoxy-nylons, epoxies, polyimide, rubber-based adhesives, styrene polyesters, resorcinol-formaldehyde, polyurethanes, and cyanoacrylates. The EC 880, EC 2216, and the two BR-92 adhesives are recommended by the polysulfone manufacturer. Union Carbide (16) (17). 

Early demonstration that the absorption of poly(methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate) can be accelerated in the presence of hquid absorbable oxalate polymers led Shalaby to develop a new family of methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate (MFC)/polyester formulations as tissue adhesives with a broad range of properties. These formulations were tailored to produce absorbable tissue adhesives with a range of adhesive properties and compositionally controlled compliance depending on the type and content of the absorbable polyester component in the formulation. 

Based on the design criteria noted above, the evolution of the absorbable cyanoacrylate-based system commenced with methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate (MFC) and was followed by formulation of MFC with polyether oxalate or polyester carbonate. Figure 5.1 outlines a polymerization scheme and designation of the final polymer. Both V-100 and V-150 tissue adhesives contain the same components but in different proportions. 

Suggested adhesives include modified acrylics, epoxies, polyesters, resorcinol-formaldehyde, furane, phenol-formaldehyde, polyvinyl formal-phenolic, polyvinyl butyral, nitrile rubber-phenolic, polyisobutylene rubber, polyurethane rubber, reclaimed rubber, melamine-formaldehyde, epoxy-phenolic, and cyanoacrylates. For maximum adhesion primers should be used. Nitrile-phenoUcs give excellent bonds if cured under pressure at temperatures of 149 C. Lower-strength bonds are obtained with most rubber-based adhesives. 

Some of the curing adhesives require heat, whereas others react at room temperature with the help of catalysts, and in some instances with activation by light. Again, it is an advantage to make a bond without the aid of an oven. Among the adhesives which can be processed in the cold, with proper formulation, are resorcinol formaldehyde, unsaturated polyesters, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate esters, epoxies, and urethanes. The polymerization reaction is usually exothermic, so that the glue line may become somewhat warmer than the ambient... 

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