Polyester, PET

Certain polymers have come to be considered standard building blocks of the polyblends. For example, impact strength may be improved by using polycarbonate, ABS and polyurethanes. Heat resistance is improved by using polyphenylene oxide, polysulphone, PVC, polyester (PET and PBT) and acrylic. Barrier properties are improved by using plastics such as ethylene vinyl alchol (EVA). Some modem plastic alloys and their main characteristics are given in Table 1.2. 

Polyester PET— 1.35 Distorts Yes Clear 7800 50-300 Stiff With care Containers... 

Construction materials also vary. The most common synthetic materials are polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), or polyethylene (PE). Because synthetic drainage layers are much thinner (<1 in.) than granular drainage layers (1 ft) and have similar design liquids capacity, their use in a landfill results in increased space for waste storage and disposal. This advantage translates into increased revenues for the owner/operator of a landfill. 

Walser et al. [65] have published a LCA study using inventory data for polyester (PET) textile production. The authors also noticed that the data in the Ecoinvent database [66] on cotton and bast fibers do not specify the yam size, which has an important influence on energy use. 

Figure 2.22 shows the supremacy of polyethylene and thermoplastic polyester (PET) in the European bottle and other blow-moulded container market. 

Thermoplastic polyesters (PET, PBT, PETG, PCT, PTMT, PCTG, PEN, PCTA, PTT)... 

Mat and continuous glass fibre reinforcements theoretically all the thermoplastics are usable in these forms, but up to now developments have concentrated on polypropylenes (PP), polyamides (PA) and thermoplastic polyesters (PET) fibre-reinforced PEEK, polyetherimide (PEI) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) are used for high-performance applications. They are presented in a range of forms from stampable sheets to pellets, prepregs, ribbons, impregnated or coated continuous fibre rods. More rarely (as in the case of PA 12, for example), the thermoplastic is provided in liquid form. 

Over the past several decades, there has been a continuing growth in the worldwide demand for plastics, films and fibers, particularly polyesters. The raw materials that make up these polymers are based primarily on the C8 family of aromatics (C8A)-ethylbenzene (EB), para-xylene (PX), meta-xylene (MX), and ortho-xylene (OX). Polyester (PET plastic), derived from PX, in particular has experienced rapid growth and is projected to see continue rapid growth as many developing countries desire to have the lifestyle flexibility that such readily available, versatile plastics support. While the markets for MX- and OX-derived plastics are smaller (plasticizers and specialty polyesters, respectively), all C8A markets continue to increase with population growth [59],... 

An important example of bubble column reactors is in partial oxidafron of organics, such as p-xylene to make terephthalic acid, a monomer for polyester (PET),... 

Such a route has been applied to other chemistries aromatic polyesters (PET or PEN), polyamides, polysulfones, polyphenylene sulfide, etc. 

Beside the polyolefins described polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polytetrafinoroethylene (PTFE) (see Chapter 24) and polyester (PET) [16], polyamide (PA) [17], polynrethane (PUR) [17], and polyepoxides [18] were nsed as feedstock for the Hambnrg process. The fluidized-bed process is very flexible for different feeds and process parameters. 

For case 3, pieces of Al-foil were cut from a roll of fabricated material as shown in Fig. 1(a). The laminate in case 3 was then prepared in a Haake film extruder with a 36 pm Polyester (PET) as carrier (see Fig. 1(b)). The foil was mounted on the PET carrier while LDPE was extruded and coated on Al-foil at a melting temperature of 278 °C. A nip with the pressure 202 bar was used to press the layers together. The laminated specimen for case 3 was than cut from roll including PET/Al-foil/LDPE as shown in Fig.l(c). After producing the material for case 3, LDPE was continuously extruded on the PET carrier under the same conditions but without the Al-foil. By peeling off the PET carrier, the LDPE produced here was used for making the specimen for case 2 and case 4. And the specimen of case 1 is taken from the Al-foil roll of the same direction as the other cases. 

Waters Division of Millipore, Solubilizing polyester (PET) for high temperature GPC analysis, Polym. Notes. 5(1) (April 1988). 

---