Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons endocrine disruption

From these inventories and data, it is clear that society is facing an enormous problem of contamination. Many of the polluting compounds that are continuously dispersed are products of industrial activities such as phenols and halogenated phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH s), endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC), pesticides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB s), industrial dyes, and other xenobiotics. In this chapter, we critically review the literature information on the enzymatic transformation of these polluting xenobiotics. This work is focused on peroxidases as enzymes able to transform a variety of pollutant compounds with the aim to reduce their toxicity and their environmental impact. 

One of the groups of suspect chemicals in the most active effluents in the survey was the alkyl phenols. However, there are probably several endocrine disrupting chemicals in the effluents and rivers, as different waste treatment plants may feed into the same river. As well as the alkyl phenols, a large number and variety of chemicals have been found to cause this effea, including organochlorine insecticides such as DDT, organotin compounds, phthalate esters, plant products, dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs, and as expected natural and synthetic oestrogens. 

Most wastewater streams contain significant amounts of carcinogenic, toxic, mutagenic, or genotoxic substances in addition to conventional pollutants. These harmful compounds originate from industrial processes and households. Some of these toxic chemicals may also exhibit endocrine-disrupting effects. Therefore, organic micropollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nonylphenol, xenobiotics, dioxins, pesticides, and heavy metals create important environmental health risks [3-7]. 

See also Elemental Speclatlon Practicalities and Instrumentation. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Environmental Analysis. Geochemistry Soil, Major Inorganic Components Soil, Minor Inorganic Components Soil, Organic, Components. Herbicides. Humic and Fulvic Compounds. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Determination. Surfactants and Detergents. Water Analysis Organic Compounds. 

Syed K, Porollo A, Lam YW, Yadav JS (2011) A fungal P450 (CYP5136A3) capable of oxidizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine disrupting alkylphenols role of Trp(129) and Leu(324). PLoS One 6 e28286... 

In compliance with national and international directives, regular environmental monitoring is demanded, which requires appropriate analytical methods for fast and sensitive detection of relevant compounds such as pesticides (organophosphorus, carbamates, organochlorine, etc.), phenols, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and total xylenes and o-, m- and p-xylene) and priority pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other endocrine disrupting compounds. 

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