Polycarbonate bottled water

Surface and bottom water samples were collected in 500 ml, 1, or 4 litre polycarbonate bottles. Polycarbonate bottles have been shown to retain 97% of an initial spike of bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in seawater at a concentration of 0.5 mg/1 over a weeklong period [104]. Samples were analysed immediately after collection and transported to the laboratory, or were stored frozen at -20 °C and analysed at a later date. Frozen storage has been shown to be effective in preserving sample stability with respect to monobutyltin, dibutyltin, and tributyltin concentrations for a period of at least 100 days. 

Sea water (butyltins but Polycarbonate bottles Cooled to 4 C and stored in the dark 7 months 5... 

If stored dark and cool (in a refrigerator) in polycarbonate bottles, mixed primary standards of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate in pure water or other matrices are stable for months. Mixed working standards, Le., dilutions in the range of natural concentrations, can be used but should be prepared freshly at least every day. 

The functional groups that typically participate in this type of polymerization are carboxyl, amine, and alcohol groups. Examples of step growth polymers include polyesters and nylons, which are often spun into fibers used to manufacture carpeting and fabrics, and polycarbonates, which are converted into compact discs, jewel cases, and the large bottles used in water coolers. 

Other polymers that we blow mold include polyvinyl chloride and polycarbonate. We use the former to make cooking oil and household cleaning product bottles. The latter is used to make the large water bottles that we see in water coolers. 

Why are polycarbonates used to manufacture drinking water bottles ... 

In addition to the construction industry, phenol has many other applications. It is used in pharmaceuticals, in herbicides and pesticides, and as a germicide in paints. It can be used to produce caprolactam, which is the monomer used in the production of nylon 6. Another important industrial compound produced from phenol is bisphenol A, which is made from phenol and acetone. Bisphenol A is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate resins. Polycarbonate resins are manufactured into structural parts used in the manufacture of various products such as automobile parts, electrical products, and consumer appliances. Items such as compact discs, reading glasses, sunglasses, and water bottles are made from polycarbonates. 

Injection blow molding of polycarbonates produces an assortment of containers from 20-L water bottles and 0.25-L milk bottles to outdoor lighting protective globes. 

Polycarbonates are amorphous polymers with excellent handling properties. Their spectrum of applications ranges from baby bottles to compact discs. Most of the polycarbonate produced is generated by the polycondensation of bisphenol A with phosgene in a biphasic system (sodium hydroxide/dichloromethane). The solution of the polycarbonate product in dichloromethane is washed with water to remove the by-product NaCl. However, in this washing process some 20 g L 1 of the dichloromethane ends up dissolved in the aqueous phase. The dichloromethane must also be removed from the polycarbonate, which is not easy. This means that the polycarbonate will invariably contain some chlorinated impurities, which adversely affects the properties of the polymer. 

Comparative metabolism in the rat. Adult male (6) and female (6) Sprague-Dawley rats were housed individually in polycarbonate metabolism cages and were orally administered by gavage an aqueous solution of " C-pirlimycin HCl. Five daily doses of 29 mg/kg/day were administered at 24-hour intervals to each rat. Urine and feces were collected at 24-hour intervals just before dose administration. The animals were sacrificed at 2 to 3 hours post-last-dose and liver, kidneys, and samples of flank muscle and abdominal fat carefully excised and placed into tared bottles. Homogenates of 2 1 water tissue were prepared for combustion/LSC analysis. Metabolite profiles were obtained for liver, urine and feces as described above. 

Details A solid in flake, crystal or dust form. Used in production of epoxy-phenolic resins, monomer of polycarbonates (PC), an antioxidant for PVC, and as an inhibitor used during PVC polymerisation. PC are widely used in many consumer products, from sunglasses and CD to water and food containers and shatter-resistant baby bottles. Some polymers can also contain bisphenol A, and epoxy resins containing bisphenol A are common coatings used in food cans. 

Polycarbonate is a very tough (resilient) polymer from which objects with high levels of impact strength can be manufactured. This material is also so transparent that it can be used for glazing purposes like acrylic glass. Finally, polycarbonate can also be sterilized and has therefore been found suitable for applications in refillable systems for milk and dairy products. However, washing with hot water may split off bisphenol A, which can permeate into foods, for instance from baby bottles, so that... 

Each reaction vessel should be a large polycarbonate (marked PC) bottle such as those used in workplace water dispensers. These have a volume of 16-20dm. After use, the bottle will need to be cleaned and dried. The easiest way to dry it is to invert it to allow any remaining water to drain away and then leave it upright for several days to dry. 

Polycarbonate (PC) is highly transparent, and very strong and tough. It has been the material of choice for reflllable 5-gal water bottles but is beginning to experience competition from PET in this market. It also has a number of applications in medical packaging. 

Ehlert KA, Beumer CWE, Groot MCE. Migration of bisphenol A into water from polycarbonate baby bottles during microwave heating. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008 25 904-910. 

Clarifying additives enable PP to compete for applications that were previously captive to PET or polycarbonate, both of which cost more. PP supplier Borealis and Milliken have developed a two-stage injection stretch blow moulding process, used for still water bottles and juice containers, that allows the rapid manufacture of clear PP bottles at up to 1500 bottles per hour from each mould cavity, using Milliken s clarifiers. 

Figure 22-27 Chromatogram showing 20 ppb BPA leached into water from a polycarbonate hiking bottle. Reversed-phase chromatography on 150 x 3.9-mm column of 5-p.m RP18 with gradient elution over 15 min going from 40% to 100% solvent B. Solvent A = 0.1 wt% formic acid in HjO. Solvent B = acetonitrile. Mass spectral detection of negative ions with electrospray ionization and selected reaction monitoring of m/z 227 - 133 transition. (From M. Swartz, LCGC, January 2010, p. 42.]...

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