Thin film polyaniline

X.J. Zhang, B. Ogorevc, and J. Wang, Solid-state pH nanoelectrode based on polyaniline thin film elec-trodeposited onto ion-beam etched carbon fiber. Anal. Chim. Acta 452, 1-10 (2002). 

Agbor N. E., Petty M. C., and Monkman A. P., Polyaniline thin films for gas sensing. 

M. Deepa, S. Ahmad, K. N. Sood, J. Alam, S. Ahmad, and A. K. Srivastava, Electrochromic properties of polyaniline thin film nanostructures derived from solutions of ionic Uquid/ polyethylene glycol, Electrochim. Acta, 52, 7453-7463 (2007). 

De Souza, VH.R., Oliveira, M.M., Zarbin, A.J.G., 2014. Thin and flexible all-solid supercapacitor prepared from novel single wall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline thin films obtained in liquid-liquid interfaces. 

S. Cho, K.-H. Shin, J. Jang, Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Highly Porous Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Solution Processed Polyaniline Thin Films. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013,5,9186-9193. 

Jitendra Kumar, Md. Shahabuddin, Arun Singh, S. P. Singh, Parveen Saini, S. K. Dhawan, Vinay Gupta. Highly Sensitive Chemo-resistive Ammonia Sensor Based on Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid Doped Polyaniline Thin Film. Sci. Adv. Mater. 2015, 7, 518-525 doi 10.1166/sam.2015.2000. 

The sensitivity of conventional polyaniline films to vapors is strongly thickness-dependent. Generally thinner films result in better performance. As shown in Figure 7.27, when the thickness is decreased fi-om 1.0 to 0.3 p,m, the response time increases, and the magnitude of the response at a fixed time increases by more than five orders of magnitude. Since only the outermost surface is likely to interact with the vapor molecules, thicker films have more inactive material that does not contribute to tbe sensing process at short times. Therefore, the performance of conventional polyaniline thin film sensors is limited by the thickness of the underlying polyaniline film [56,62]. 

It is also helpful to understand the thickness effect of the thin film sensors by looking at their surface areas. For a conventional polyaniline thin film, the area that is exposed to chemical vapors is its physical surface (Figure 7.30a). The surface area per unit mass, Sa, decreases as the thickness of the film increases. 

Avlyanov, J.K., J.Y. Josefowicz, and A.G. Macdiarmid. 1995. Atomic-force microscopy surface-morphology studies of in-situ deposited polyaniline thin-films. Synth Met 73 (3) 205-208. 

Luzny, W, E.J. Samuelsen, and D.W. Breiby. 2001. Polyaniline thin films-structural anisotropy study by use of synchrotron radiation surface diffraction. Synth Met 119 203. 

C.-T. Kuo, S.-A. Chen, G.-W. Hwang, H.-H. Kuo, Field-effect transistor with the water-soluble self-acid-doped polyaniline thin films as semiconductor, Synthetic Metals 1998, 93, 155. 

Zhang X, Ogorevc B, Wang J (2002) All solid-state pH nano-electrode based on polyaniline thin film electrodeposited onto ion-beam etched carbon fiber. Anal Chim Acta 452 1... 

Misra SCK, Mathur P, Srivastava BK (2(X)4) Vacuum-deposited nanocrystalline polyaniline thin film sensors for detection of carbon monoxide. Sens Actuators A 114 30-35 Mulchandani AK, Wang CL (1996) Bienzyme sensors based modified electrodes. Electroanalysis 8 414-419 Muller JBA, Smith CE, Newton MI, Percival CJ (2011) Evaluation of coated QCM for the detection of atmospheric ozone. Analyst 136 2963-22968... 

Ramesh C, Murugesan N, Krishnaiah MV, Ganesan V, Periaswami GJ (2(X)8) Improved Nafion-based amperometric sensor for hydrogen in argon. J Solid State Electrochem 12(9) 1109-1116 Reemts J, Paris J, Schlettwein D (2004) Electrochemictil growth of gas-sensitive polyaniline thin films across an insulating gap. Thin Solid Films 466 320-325... 

Dillingham TR, Corenelison DM, BuUock E. Investigation of vapor-deposited polyaniline thin-films. J Vac Sci Technol A 1994 12 2436-2440. 

Turyan, L, and Mandler, D. 1998. Two-dimensional polyaniline thin film electro-... 

V. Horvat-Radosevic, K. Kvastek, Quantitative evaluation ef experimental artifacts in impedance spectra of conducting polyaniline thin-films measured using pseudo-reference electrode, f. Electroanal. Chem., 2008,613, pp. 139-150. 

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