Solubility polyamide resin

T,his work uses the solubility parameter concept to describe the solu- bility of a typical polyamide ink resin used in flexographic printing. The entire resin concentration solubility is described by coordinates of resin solubility concentration vs. solvent solubility parameter. An interpretation of the interaction between the dispersion force, dipole moment, and the hydrogen bonding force of the polyamide resin and industrially important alcohols is made from the data. 

The first polyamides from these polybasic acids or their corresponding esters were described by Bradley and Johnston (1) and subsequently by Falkenburg et al. (2), These chemists recognized that polyamide resins have unusual solubility in lower alcohols and that films, deposited from alcohol solution, have good water resistance, strong adhesion to various surfaces, and other... 

Properties. The solid polyamide resins are alcohol soluble and if properly formulated can supply some degree of hydrocarbon compatibility. Thus, they can be applied from solvent solution. However, they also can be applied as hot melts or from water dispersions. Water-based forms known as suspensoids have been described (12). Solid polyamides also may be finely divided for use as powders. The films are characterized by resistance to moisture, moisture vapor transmission, grease, and oils. They are resistant to many solvents and chemicals including aliphatic hydrocarbons and mineral and vegetable oils. They do not resist lacquer-type solvents and alcohols. They have a high degree of flexibility and maintain their flexibility upon aging. Also, they are heat sealable at relatively low temperatures and adhere to an unusually wide variety of substrates. 

The chemistry of the production of polyamide resin is very similar to the original process by which nylon was produced. In the Nylon 66 process a dicarboxylic acid, such as adipic acid is reacted with a six carbon amine, for example hexamethylene-diamine, to produce a synthetic fiber In the case of polyamide resin, a dicarboxylic add is reacted or condensed with an amine such as diethylenetriamine to form an amino polyamide. The secondary amine groups of this water soluble polymer are then reacted with epichlorohydrin to form the aminopolyamide epichlorohydrin intermediate. This is then crosslinked to build molecular weight whilst maintaining solubility. The polymerization reaction is terminated by dilution and acidification. 

Polyamides (nylons) The main types of nylon are oil and petrol resistant, but on the other hand susceptible to high water absorption and to hydrolysis. There are a few solvents such as phenol, cresol and formic acid. Special grades include a water-soluble nylon, amorphous copolymers and low molecular weight grades used in conjunction with epoxide resins. Transparent amorphous polyamides are also now available. 

TrimeUitic anhydride is converted to PVC plasticizers, polyesters, water-soluble alkyd coatings, and polyamide—imide resins. The trimeUitate plasticizers have a lower volatility than those derived from phthalic anhydride (see Plasticizers). 

Polyethers prepared by reaction with diepoxides have been described.79 Such reactions have been achieved from sucrose or partially esterified sucrose for the preparation of polymeric resins used as coating agents.78 Polysucrose (Ficoll400 ), a water-soluble copolymer prepared from sucrose and epichlor-hydrin, has been developed on the industrial scale. It is used as a biocompatible additive for cell separation and diagnostics, and is also described as having valuable properties as a food ingredient.18 Sucrose dicarboxylates can react with diamines to provide polyamides.183... 

While they are called resins, they are really monomers to low-molecular-weight oligomers, liquids to soluble fusible solids, with high reactivity in the epoxy rings, and fair reactivity in the internal hydroxyl groups. They are cured most often by room-temperature reaction with polyamines or polyamide amines. 

One of the first non-formaldehyde fluorescent dye carrier systems for polyolefins was based on the reaction of polyfunctional amines with polyfunctional carboxylic acids to form relatively short chain polyamides [5].These linear thermoplastic resins showed good solubility and friability making them suitable for the incorporation of dyes, which offered increased protection from thermal and UV degradation. This fluorescent resin showed a dramatic increase in color retention upwards of 288°C, even after a 10 minute hold period at this temperature. Due to its non-ide-alized polymeric nature, the polyamide chemistry suffered from preferential plating out or migration of polar oligomeric species not incorporated into the polymer chains. 

Reten 205 [Aqualon], TM for a strongly cationic, high molecular weight, synthetic, water-soluble polymer. A finely divided white powder, dissolves in either hot or cold water to produce clear, smooth, viscous, nonthixotropic solutions available in a variety of viscosity grades and cationic functionality. Reten 763 is an aqueous solution of a modified polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin. 

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