Polyamide 11 and

3t 280 °C as a function of equilibrium water content in polyamide 12 melts for unmodified polyamide 12 and calculated values fora polyamide 12 modified with bifunctional stabilizer initial values for experiments = 1.93 in m-cresole 

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The model has also been found to work well in describing the mechanics of the interface between the semicrystalline polymers polyamide 6 and polypropylene coupled by the in-situ formation of a diblock copolymer at the interface. The toughness in this system was found to vary as E- where E was measured after the sample was fractured (see Fig. 8). The model probably applied to this system because the failure occurred by the formation and breakdown of a primary craze in the polypropylene [14],... 

The most prominent aliphatic polyamides are polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6. Polyamides are used in a broad range of applications as performance polymers in medicine, textile, and car manufacturing industries. In 2003, the European production ofpolyamides was approximately 3 million tons for technical applications. Of the total polyamide consumption, 94% was polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6. 

A repeat unit is the sequence of atoms that is repeated to build a polymer chain. This definition, although very simple, distinguishes between X-Y and X-XY-Y units. For instance, the repeat units of polyamide 6 and polyamide 6610 are ... 

A structural unit or monomer can be defined as the residue from each monomer molecule, whatever its chemical species. In the case of X-Y monomers, a structural unit is identical to a repeat unit (e.g., in polyamide 6), while in the case of X-X, Y-Y monomers, there are two structural units per repeat unit (e.g., in polyamide 66). In the latter case, the mass of a structural unit is obtained by averaging the masses of the two different chemical species. For polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 the masses of structural units are thus 113 in both cases. 

Meincke O, Kaempfer D, Weickmann H, Friedrich C, Vathauer M, Warth H (2004). Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of carbon-nanotube filled polyamide-6 and its blends with acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene. Polymer 45 739-748. 

Thermoplastic neat polyamides 6 and 66 at equilibrium with a 50% RH environment have rather low moduli involving high strains for moderate loading. Consequently creep moduli... 

Table 4.43 Neat, reinforced and modified polyamides 6 and 66 examples of properties...

Chemical resistance is generally slightly better than for polyamides 6 and 66, but semiaromatic polyamides are attacked by organic and mineral acids, oxidizing agents, concentrated bases, phenols, formaldehyde. 

Cyclic oligomeric phosphonates with the varying degrees of structural complexity (Structure 5.4) are also available in the market.25 They are widely used as flame-retardant finishes for polyester fabrics. After the phosphonate is applied from an aqueous solution, the fabric is heated to swell and soften the fibers, thus allowing the phosphonate to be absorbed and strongly held. It is also a useful retardant in polyester resins, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyamide-6, and in textile back coatings. A bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate has been more recently introduced into the market for use in thermosets as well as for polyolefins (preferably, in combination with melamine or ammonium polyphosphate)... 

Padbury, S.A., Horrocks, A.R., and Kandola, B.K. 2003. The effect of phosphorus-containing flame retardants and nanoclay on the burning behaviour of polyamides 6 and 6.6. Proceedings of the 14th Conference Advances in Flame Retardant Polymers, Stamford, Norwalk, CT Business Communications 2003. 

Figure 9 shows the oscillograms demonstrating the decrease and increase of optical absorption at 310 and 410 nm for polyamide (6) and the model compound (76) during and after the laser flash. 

Gijsman, P. Steenbakkers, R. Furst, C. Kersjes, J. Differences in the flame retardant mechanism of melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6 and polyamide 66. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2002, 78,219-224. 

The use of magnesium hydroxide in polyamides is restricted by the low degradation temperature and the low hydrolytic stability of polyamides. Polyamide 6 and... 

The extended situation analysis function of the process data warehouse, as described in [193], is able to provide some hints which models should be considered for this task if some of the properties of the reactor s output stream (containing Polyamide-6 and Caprolactam) are known, e.g., temperature and pressure of the mixture in the stream, the fraction of each substance in the stream, and their boiling temperatures. 

T. Karstens, V. Rossbach, Thermooxidative degradation of polyamide-6 and polyamide-6,6. Structure of UV/VIS-activc chromophores//Afocrazwo/. Chem. (1990), v. 191, No 4, 757-771. 

Table 1 Thermal post-condensation treatment of polyamide 6 and oligoamide 6 products...

Ductile-to-Brittle Transitions in Blends of Polyamide-6 and Bubber... 

Akupd. [Alpe SRL] Polyamide 6 and 66, modifi and flame retardant... 

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