Polyacrylic ester

Chromatograms can be made handleable and storable by treatment with plastic dispersions, based on polyacrylic ester, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl propionate, such as, for example, Neatan (Merck) [21 — 23]. In order to avoid clogging the spray head with plastic dispersion residue it is recommended that it be rinsed through immediately after use with tetrahydrofuran or that disposable jets be employed [24]. 

It is also possible to prepare polymers with functional groups by partial saponification of polyvinyl esters to give OH groups or polyacrylic esters or Polyacrylonitrile to give COOH groups. Polymer with such functional groups at the chain ends are prepared... 

Latexes are usually copolymer systems of two or more monomers, and their total solids content, including polymers, emulsifiers, stabilizers etc. is 40-50% by mass. Most commercially available polymer latexes are based on elastomeric and thermoplastic polymers which form continuous polymer films when dried [88]. The major types of latexes include styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylic ester (PAE) and epoxy resin (EP) which are available both as emulsions and redispersible powders. They are widely used for bridge deck overlays and patching, as adhesives, and integral waterproofers. A brief description of the main types in current use is as follows [87]. 

The second method is the most widely used to prepare optically active vinyl polymers (poly-a-olefins, poly-vinyl-ethers, polyacrylic esters and amides etc.. ... 

Similarly esters of isobutyric, 1,3-dimethylglutaric and 2,4,6-heptane-tricarboxylic acids have only slightly different chain transfer constants it was therefore again admitted that these values correspond to the transfer constant of their structural unit, i.e. of the structural unit of polyacrylic esters 143). 

Strong graphite fibers are made by pyrolysis, at 1500°C or above, of oriented organic polymer fibers (e.g., those of polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate esters, or cellulose). When incorporated into plastics the reinforced materials are light and very strong. Other forms of graphite such as foams, foils, or whiskers can also be made. 

Blaschke, G. Chromatographic resolutions of racemates. III. Chromatography of racemic mandelic acid on polyacrylic esters and amides of optically active ephedrine derivatives, Chem. Ber., 1974, 107, 237-252. 

Figure 22 Two routes to polyfunctional acrylamide polymers. (A) Formation of acrylamide polymers by reacting functionalized monomers 33, 34, and acrylamide. (B) Postpolymerization coupling of activated polyacrylate ester 36.

The first patented PVC alloys were prepared by latex blending with PVAc, and poly(vinylchloride-co-vinylacetate) (PVCAc) [Voss, and Dickhauser, 1930, 1933, 1935, 1936]. I. G. Farbenindustrie commercialized PVC extruder-blended with polyacrylic ester — the so called rigid formulation [Fikentscher and Heuce, 1930 Fikentscher, and Wolff, 1931]. Troluloid and Astralon were the first commercial thermoplastic polymer blends. 

In the 1960s, styrene-butadiene rubber-, polyacrylic ester-,l and poly(vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride)- modified mortars and concretes became increasingly used in practical applications. Since the 1960s, the practical research and development of polymer-modified mortar and concrete have been considerably advanced in various countries, particularly U.S.A., U.S.S.R., West Germany, Japan, and U.K. Consequently, a considerable number of publications including patents, books, papers, and reports have appeared. Of these, the main and important studies are as follows ... 

In particular, the commercial latexes widely used in the world are styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polychloroprene rubber (CR), polyacrylic ester (PAE) and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymers. Most commercial polymer latexes for cement modifiers contain proper antifoaming agents, and can be generally used without the addition of the antifoaming agents during mbcing. 

One large-scale use of this process is in the production of synthetic rubber and, on a small-scale, in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene. The other large-scale use is in the production of plastics dispersions used as such (without first coagulating them) for the production of paints, pigments, inks, coatings, and adhesive paste (e.g., polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl propionate, and polyacrylic ester dispersions). 

Organic polymer adsorbents such as polystyrene, polyacrylic ester, phenolic and phenolic amine resin without functional groups (contrary to ion exchange resins) are advantageous because properties (pore volume, pore width, specific inner surface, polarity) can be adjusted in wide ranges. By this way the selective separation of polar and nonpolar substances can be achieved. The thermal stability of these polymers is limited to 180°C. 

We come next to a type which is of very special importance to natural and synthetic organic high polymers to the filament lattices which cohere in one direction by primary valences and in the other two by van der Waals forces. The chief representatives of this class, which will be discussed in great detail in the second volume of this work, are cellulose, chitin, rubber, proteins and a large number of synthetic high polymers such as polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylic esters, polyethylene oxide, etc. 

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