Polyacrylamide for

Two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy has led to a much better understanding of biopolymers and their function (151). This technique has been apphed to polyacrylamide for absolute assignments of proton and carbon spectra at the tetrad level (152). 

Figure 2. Molecular weight calibration curves for nonionic polyacrylamide for a single column (4 ft X Vs in. i.d.) containing 2000 A CPG-10 (200/400 mesh) packing with aqueous salt solutions as mobile phase.

Figure 7. Molecular weight calibration curve for nonionic polyacrylamides for a 6-column combination (each 4 ft X in, Ld.) with 3000 A, 3000 A, 2000 A, 1000 A, 729 A, and 500 A CPG-10 (200/400 mesh) packing.

Widhalm et al. (1991) reported the use of noncrosslinked polyacrylamide for protein separation in fused silica capillaries. This matrix has low viscosity and can be replaced between separations, greatly facilitating automation of the separation. A wide range of noncrosslinked polymers has been used for size-based protein separations. Noncrosslinked polymers do not form a gel, and it is inappropriate to refer to this separation as gel electrophoresis. A number of names have been used for the method. In an effort to standardize nomenclature, IUPAC has used the term capillary sieving electrophoresis. 

Another possible technical application may be the addition of polyacrylamide, for example, to lower the flow resistance in diffusers (Povkh). 

Xiao, D., Le, T.V., Wirth, M.J., Surface modification of the channels of poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chips with polyacrylamide for fast electrophoretic separations of proteins. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2055-2061. 

The cloud points of the Brlj-10 mlcroemulslon with varying amounts of added polyacrylamide for different intrinsic viscosities of the... 

M.S. Sanford, P.T. Charles, S.M. Commisso, J.C. Roberts and D.W. Conrad, Photoactivatable cross-linked polyacrylamide for the site-selective immobilization of antigens and antibodies, Chem. Mater., 10 (1998) 1510—1520. 

Many other polymers have been tried as supports for solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Even before the first use of polyacrylamide for oligonucleotide synthesis,... 

Dextran (for range 0.05-600kDa), polyacrylamide (for range O.l lOOkDa) and agarose (for range 10-40 000 kDa) of various porosities are common matrices used in gel filtration chromatographic separation/fiactionation of biomacromolecules, particularly polysaccharides. 

A. Wallace, Use of water-soluble polyacrylamide for control of furrow irrigation-induced soil erosion , in Handbook of Soil Conditioners, Substances That Enhance the Physical... 

One view of a gel is as a modified mbber. The properties of amorphous polymers change dramatically above the glass transition point where the chains become mobile. Since polymer chains are mobile in solution and we think of a simple gel as a cross-linked solution, we can regard a single phase gel as a dilute rubber. Dense polyacrylamide, for instance, is a glassy polymer. We do not want to compare the gel properties with this state but with the same polymer as a cross-linked mbber above its glass transition. 

The allyl glucosylrhamnoside derivative (46), which is an antigenic determinant specific for Mycobacterium leprae. was synthesised and copolymerized with polyacrylamide for use as a diagnostic for leprosy, and the repeating units of Haemophilus influenzae. 2-Q-)9-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ribitol 4 - and 1-phosphate, have also been prepared synthetically. ... 

A number of other papers have appeared which propose new synthetic polymers or improved polyacrylamides for use in lOR (Argarbright et a/., 1982 Ryles, 1985, 1986 and references in Stahl and Schulz, 1988). However, in some cases the structure of the new polymers is unclear (Ryles, 1986). 

A variety of methods have been explored to increase the surface area, and thereby the number of probe molecules available for target capture. Polymeric gel-pad matrices of polyacrylamide, for example, have been reported to have a significantly higher capacity for DNA immobilization compared to the two-dimensional arrays on glass (Proudnikov, 1998 Yershov, 1996 Dubiley, 1997). However, these polymeric gels suffer from some specific problems including low mobility of the target DNA molecules in the gel network, and nonspecific interactions which adversely affect the reaction kinetics, and increase the hybridization times. 

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