Poly solid state synthesis

The literature for peptide-membrane interactions is both vast and well covered. For the purposes of this chapter, we will look only at polymers - molecules made from polymerization reactions rather than solid-state synthesis or extracted from living organisms - made from a- and p-amino acids. Yaroslavov et al examined binding between poly-a-r-lysine (PLL) and anionic vesicles. SUVs of lecithin and cardiolipin were labeled with pyrene and exposed to PLL (Cl6) (Figure 21). The decrease in pyrene fluorescence indicated that PLL binds to the vesicles. Saturable binding was observed. The addition of high concentrations of salt or low... 

Heterogeneous Molten/Solid-State Synthesis In 1961, Vogel and Marvel [76] reported the first synthesis of PBI by heating an equimolar mixture of bis(o-diamine)s and phenyl esters of different dicarboxylic aeids. A two-stage synthetie procedure of poly(2,2 -m-(phenylene)-5,5 -bibenzimidazole) with tetraaminobiphenyl (TAB) and diphenyl isophthalate (DPIP) as monomers is shown in Rg. 4.2 [56]. 

H. Meng, D. F. Perepichka, M. Bendikov, F. Wudl, G. Z. Pan,W.Yu, W. Dong,andS. Brown. 2003. Solid-state synthesis of a conducting poly thiophene via an unprecedented heterocycUc coupling reaction. / Am Chem Soc 125(49) 15151-15162. 

Polyester chemistry is the same as studied by Carothers long ago, but polyester synthesis is still a very active field. New polymers have been very recently or will be soon commercially introduced PTT for fiber applications poly(ethylene naph-thalate) (PEN) for packaging and fiber applications and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biopolymer synthesized from renewable resources (corn syrup) introduced by Dow-Cargill for large-scale applications in textile industry and solid-state molding resins. Polyesters with unusual hyperbranched architecture also recently appeared and are claimed to find applications as crosstinkers, surfactants, or processing additives. 

Postpolycondensation. See Solid-state postpolycondensation Potassium carbonate process, poly(arylene ether sulfone) synthesis via, 339 Pot life, 232 Powder coatings, 240 PPE. See Personal protective equipment (PPE)... 

An important challenge in the design of novel conjugated polymers is the synthesis of materials with tailor-made solid-state electronic properties. This section outlines the synthesis of the most significant classes of poly(para-phenylenevinylene)s (PPVs), poly(para-phenylene)s (PPPs), and related structures. Furthermore, this review demonstrates that the chromophoric and electronic properties of conjugated rr-systems are sensitive to their molecular and supra-molecular architecture. 

T.-A. Chen, X. Wu, and R.D. Rieke, Regiocontrolled synthesis of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) mediated by Rieke zinc their characterization and solid-state properties, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117 233— 244, 1995. 

MacGillivray s group has employed rigid bifunctional molecules [42], such as 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxyHc acid [42a], as linear templates to organize reactants such as fra s-l,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene via hydrogen bonds for single and multiple photoinduced [2+2] cycloadditions, for the template-controlled synthesis of a l,2,3,4-(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane] [42b] and also of paracyclophanes [42d]. Very recently, [ ]ladderanes ( =2,3) have been synthesized in the solid state by UV irradiation of 2(5-methoxyresorci-nol) 2(4-pyr-poly-m-ene) (m=2,3) [42e]. 

While all previous examples employ enzymatic ROP, there are two reports on block copolymer synthesis employing enzymatic poly condensation. The first one was published by Sharma et al. and describes the synthesis and solid-state properties of polyesteramides with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks [21]. The polycondensation was carried out with various ratios of dimethyl adipate. 

Polyalkylarylsilanes, solid-state studies, 3, 605 Poly[(alkyl)(aryl)silylene]s, preferential screw sense, 3, 616 Polyamides, aromatic, 7t-complexed, 12, 362 Polyamidoferrocenylalkylthiolate—gold nanoparticles, synthesis, 6, 195—196... 

In a brief summary, we have developed a facile and versatile asalt monomer method for the rapid synthesis of both aliphatic and aromatic polyimides. The salt monomer method has the following advantages over the conventional two-step method. First, the aliphatic-aromatic salt monomers as well as all aromatic, composed of diamines (both aliphatic and aromatic) and aromatic tetracarbox-ylic acids (or their half diesters) are highly reactive and rapidly produce polyimides with high molecular weights in one step by the solid-state thermal poly-... 

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