Poly , high chromatogram

Exposure-induced Reaction Products. Gel permeation chromatograms of EP, MRS, and EAP were measured before and after exposure at 20 /uC/cm2. The results are summerized in Figures 8 to 10. In the case of EP resist, shown in Figure 8, peaks 1, 2, and 3 represent epoxy novolac dimer, trimer, and tetramer, respectively. Peak 4 represents the main component of the poly(p-vinyl phenol) resin and peak 5 indicates the presence of exposure-induced high molecular weight components in the resin. 

The gel permeation chromatograms of MRS are shown in Figure 9, where peaks 1 and 2 represent the azide compound and the main component of poly(p-vinyl phenol), respectively. Peak 3 corresponds to a primary amine, which is one of the exposure-induced reaction products from the azide compound (14). Peak 4 indicates the same exposure-induced high molecular weight components as for EP. 

Fig. 6. High resolution gel permeation chromatogram of poly(4-methy 1-1 -pentene)...

Poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate monolithic columns have been prepared by photoinitiated polymerization and used for RP-HPLC of proteins [54]. The flow resistance of these monolithic columns was low, which enabled the use of high flow velocities of 87mm/s. A mixture of four model proteins ribo-nuclease A, cytochrome c, myoglobin, and ovalbumin was baseline separated in around one minute and using flow rates of lOOpL/min. In Figure 5.4-8, chromatograms are shown that were obtained with three different gradients. 

Figure 3. HPLC-chromatogram of styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymers at different compositions and high conversion. Also shown is the styrene content obtained by HPLC calibration -) and on-line HPLC- H NMR experiments (o). (Reprinted from MacromolChem.Phys, Vol.201, LKramer, W.HiUer, H. On-line coupling of gradient-HPLC and NMR for the analysis of random poly[(styrene)-co-(ethyl acrylate)]s , 1662-1666, 2001, with permission from Wiley-VCH)...

Fig. 1 Chromatograms of a standard solution of monoamine transmitters and their metabolites at (A) a poly(para-aminobenzoic acid) modified electrode and (B) a bare glassy carbon electrode. (1) Norepinephrine, (2) epinephrine, (3) dopamine, (4) 3,4-dihydroxyphenol acetic acid, (5) serotonin, (6) 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, and (7) homovanillic acid. Source From Study on the effect of electromagnetic impulse on neurotransmitter metabolism in nerve cells by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection coupled with microdialysis, in Anal. Biochem. ...

Fig. 27. RPLC chromatograms of poly(S-co-EA)s (SEA) of different composition with high conversion. Styrene contents obtained by HPLC calibration (lines) and on-line HPLC/ H NMR (circles) experiments match each other very well. Column Nucleosil CIS 100 A 250 X4.6 mm. Eluent THF/CH3CN, gradient elution from 10/90 to 100/0 (v/v) in 25 min. Reproduced from [152] with permission...

Yakubchik and his co-workers (1956, 1959 and 1962) have preferred to separate the acid derivatives by means of partition chromatography and compared the results with those obtained from an artificial mixture of those acids expected to be present. In the case of Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polybutadienes with less than 1% 1,2- units the presence of 1,4-1,2-1,4 sequences was indicated by the identification of some 1,2,4-butane tricarboxylic acid. Examination of their chromatograms suggests, at most, just a trace of any hexane tetra-carboxylic acid so that only a very small amount, if any, of 1,4-1,2-1,2-1,4 structures were present. Furthermore, no trace of any 1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid was found so there was no positive sign of any branching at the a-methylene position. On the other hand in the case of rubidium-catalyzed poly butadienes, which, like other polybutadienes prepared by the use of alkali metal catalyst systems, have a high 1,2- content, both hexane tetracarboxylic acid and 1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid were present in the ultimate products of ozonolysis. 

FIGURE 5.4 Chromatograms of poly (styrene—co ethyl acrylatels of different chemical composition. Source Reprinted from D. Braun, I. Kramer, H. Pasch, S. Mori, Phase separation in random copolymers from high conversion free radical polymerization. Part 2. Chemical heterogeneity analysis of poly(styrene-co-ethyl acrylate) by gradient HPLC., Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 200 (1999) 949, (1999), used with permission from Wiley-VCH (Ref [29]). 

Figure 7 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry total ion chromatogram (TIC) of a semisynthetic motor oil base stock. The peaks at lower retention time (RT) are poly-alpha-olefin oligomer clusters separated hy three carbons. The wide hump at high RT is the mineral oil component, with insufficient chromatographic resolution to distinguish individual species without mass spectral separation. Conditions Hewlett Packard (Palo Alto, CA) 5890 gas chromatograph with MSD detector in 70-eV El mode, 30 m X 0.25 mm ID DB-5MS phase (0.25- xm film thickness) with temperature ramp from 35 to 350°C at 2°C/min.

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