Poly fiber-spinning

Polymer Solvent. Sulfolane is a solvent for a variety of polymers, including polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(vinyhdene cyanide), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl fluoride), and polysulfones (124—129). Sulfolane solutions of PAN, poly(vinyhdene cyanide), and PVC have been patented for fiber-spinning processes, in which the relatively low solution viscosity, good thermal stabiUty, and comparatively low solvent toxicity of sulfolane are advantageous. Powdered perfluorocarbon copolymers bearing sulfo or carboxy groups have been prepared by precipitation from sulfolane solution with toluene at temperatures below 300°C. Particle sizes of 0.5—100 p.m result. 

Figure 4. E -modulus (GPa) as a function of draw ratio for 20 mol% p-hydraxy benzoic acid modified poly(phenyl-l,4-phenylene terephthalate) (not listed in tables) fibers. Spinning temp. = 320°C.

The largest single use for acetic acid, about half the total, is for the manufacture of vinyl acetate for use in the production of poly(vinyl acetate) (Section 19.10.4). Cellulose acetate destined for fiber spinning consumes a further quarter. 

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Poly aniline for Fiber Spinning... 

Zhou G J, Wang S F, Zhang Y, Zhuang Q X and Han Z W (2008) In situ preparation and continuous fiber spinning of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) composites with oligo-hydroxy-amide-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Polymer 49 2520-2530. 

G. Perez, Some effects of the rheological properties of poly(ethylene terephtalate ) on spinning line profile and structure developed in high-speed spinning. Chap. 12, in High -speed Fiber Spinning Scince and Engineering Aspects, (A.Ziabicki and H.Kawai Eds.), J.Wiley Sons, N.Y., 1965. 

Among the aromatic polyamides, poly(l,4-benzamide) (PBA) and poly(/)-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) were the first cotmnerdal aramid fibers spinned from lyptropic LC solutions (Chapter 5.19). 

Nanocomposite conventional mesoscale fibers (textile fibers that carry nanoparticulate filler) are produced via conventional fiber-spinning techniques by incorporating well-dispersed nanoparticles into the spinning dope. For instance, an intercalated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/organo-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite prepared by in situ polymerization of the polyester in the presence of MMT clay was successfully melt spun into microfibers (Guan, G.-H., et al. 2005). Melt-spun conventional fibers of... 

Aramid yarns (Kevlar of DuPont, Twaron of Teijin-Twaron) are produced from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), PPTA (2), which is specially developed for fiber spinning and not used in any other application. DuPont had experience with poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) in a fiber product called Nomex for high-temperature applications. The polymer is produced in dimethylacetamide and the solution is dry-spun. This cannot be done with the stiff-chain para-para analogue PPTA. The polymer does not dissolve in organic solvents. A special polymerization route had to be developed, and the discovery of lyotropic behavior of concentrated solutions in sulfuric acid then led the way to the production of a magnificent new fiber material. 

Figure 7. Mechanical properties (Young s modulus and tensile strength) versus solution concentration of poly(l,4-phenylene terephthalamide) (in sulfuric acid) in the "spin-dope". In the fiber spinning process, the draw down ratio was increased to maintain constant filament diameter at increased concentration. Also indicated is the isotropic/anisotropic phase boundary. Note the absence of any discontinuity at the transition. The inherent viscosity of the polymer was 4.2 dl/g. Data from taken from Weyland (16).

Kenawy E. R., Bowlin G. L., Mansfield K., Layman J., Simpson D. G., Sanders E. H. (2002), Release of tetracychne hydrochloride from electrospun poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate), polylactic acid and a blend , J Controlled Release, 81, 57-64. Scopelianos A. G. (1996), Pizoelectric biomedical device, US Patent, 5522879. Larrondo L., Manley R. (1981), Electrostatic fiber spinning from polymer melts. I. Experimental observation on fiber formation and properties , J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed, 19, 909-920. 

Ramesh, N.S., Lee, S.T. Blowing agent effect on extensional viscosity calculated from fiber spinning method for foam processing , SPE Foams 99 (1999), 85-96 Werner, R, Verdejo, R., Wdllecke, F., Altstadt, V., Sandler, J.K.W., Shaffer, M.S.P. Carbon nanofibres allow foaming of semicrystalline poly(ether ether ketone) , Adv. Mater. 17(23) (2005), 2864-2869... 

Pavlikova, S., Thomann, R., Reichert, R, Miilhaupt, R., Marcincin, A., Borsig, E. J. (2003), Fiber spinning from poly(propylene)-organoclay nanocomposite , J Appl Polym Sci, 89 (3), 604-611. 

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