Poly ester amide s

The addition of 4-aminophenol to compositions used commonly for poly-(ester)s allows the production of poly(ester amide)s. For example, a mixture of 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, TPA, BP, HBA, and 4-aminophenol is condensed in the presence of acid anhydride. Such materials exhibit good soldering resistance so that they can be utilized as an electric or electronic material such as electric connectors, sockets for integrated circuits, etc. 

LCPs are much more expensive than ordinary engineering polymers. For this reason, there is a tendency to use LCPs as a minor component in polymeric formulations. 

Some commercial available LCPs, including Xydar and Zenite have been extensively characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, thermogravimetry, and elemental analysis. Some selected properties of a neat LCP are shown in Table 16.2. 

In polymeric composites, in the course of mold processing LCPs are oriented in the direction of flow. Thereby fibrils are formed. These fibrils reinforce the matrix polymer. This type of composite is addressed as an in situ composite.  

The incorporation of rigid moieties into the main chain increases the melting temperature. However, a melting temperature causes a poor melt processability. The melting temperature can he reduced by structural modification, such as the introduction of  

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Copolymers of a-hydroxy acids and a-amino acids are one type of poly(ester-amide)s and are called polydepsipeptides (PDPs) [17]. Since some of natural occurring a-amino acids, typically Asp, Glu, lysine (Lys), cysteine (Cys), serine (Ser), and threonine (Thr), possess reactive (hydrophilic) side-chain groups, PDPs... 

Kricheldorf et al. have investigated several hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s derived from combinations of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acids and 3,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acids and similar monomers [100-102]. The polymers exhibited values of Tg ranging from 160 to 250 °C and were highly soluble in various solvents. They employed diamines as star centers in order to control the molecular weight. 

Feng Y, Klee D, Keul H, Hdcker H (2000) Lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives a novel route to the synthesis of poly(ester amide)s. Macromol Chem Phys 201 2670-2675... 

Several poly(urea urethane) oligomers 28 (Figure 12) were prepared by one-component polycondensation of iV-(hydroxyalkyl)-2 -oxo-1,3-diazepane-l-carboxamides, which act as intramolecular blocked isocyanates <2005PLM 1459>. These oligomers are semicrystalline materials and their melting points show the odd/even effect observed earlier for [ ]-polyamides, [ ]-polyurethanes, poly(ester amide)s, and poly (amide urethane)s. Further analysis showed that the polymers are stable up to ca. 205-230 °C, the polymers with the lower number of methylene groups in the amino alcohol decomposing at the lowest temperature. 

Blends of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) polyester, LCP poly(ester amide) and PAS exhihit a reduced melt viscosity.LCP polyesters are made hy polymerizing aromatic diacids with diols or hy polymerizing aromatic hydroxy acids, e.g. 4-hydroxyhenzoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. In LCP poly(ester amide)s, some of the hydroxyl groups in the monomers are replaced with amino groups. 

Poly(Ester Amide)s Recent Developments on Synthesis and Applications... 

FIGURE 8.1 Diamide-diol (a, b), diester-diamine (c), ester-diamine (d), and diamide-diester (e) monomers that can be used in polycondensation reactions to get poly(ester amide)s. 

FIGURE 8.2 Synthesis of poly(ester amide)s from sucdnic anhydride and a,co-amino alcohols by solution polycondensation. iV-(hydroxyalkyl) imide by-prcxlucts were on the contrary obtained by bulk polycondensation. 

FIGURE 8.9 Synthesis of elastomeric poly(ester amide)s derived from l,3-diamino-2-hydroxy-propane based on Ref. [44]. and R represent either a single hydrogen or bond to either the Z-segment or the F-segment via amide bond or ester bond, respectively. 

FIGURE 8.10 Main reactions involved in the synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ester amide)s derived from diacid and multihydroxyl secondary amines. 

FIGURE 8.22 Chemical structure of biodegradable poly(ester amide)s with potential interest as vascular constructs for therapeutic uses. 

FIGURE 8.24 Chemical structure of poly(ester amide)s derived from L-lactide and characterized by having high thermal properties. 

FIGURE 8.25 Chemical stnicture of light-responsive poly(ester amide)s. 

A. Rodrlguez-Galan, L. Franco, J. PuiggaM, Degradable poly(ester amide)s for biomedical applications. Polymers 3 (2011) 65-99. 

T. Fey, H. Keul, H. Hbcker, Interconversion of alternating poly(ester amide)s and cyclic ester amides from adipic anhydride and a, co-amino alcohols, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 204 (2003) 591-599. 

J. Montane, E. Armehn, L. Asm, A. Rodriguez-Galan, J. Puiggalf, Comparative degradation data of polyesters and related poly(ester amide)s derived from 1,4-butanediol, sebadc acid, and a-amino acids, J. Appl. Polym. Sd. 85 (2002) 1815-1824. 

N. Paredes, A. Rodriguez-Galan, J. Puiggali, Synthesis and characterization of a family of biodegradable poly(ester amide)s derived from glycine, J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36 (1998) 1271-1282. 

S.I. Han, B.S. Kim, S.W. Kang, H. Shirai, S.S. Im, Cellular interactions and degradation of aliphatic poly(ester amide)s derived from glydne and/or 4-amino butyric add. Biomaterials 24 (2003) 3453-3462. 

M. Vera, A. Rodrfguez-Galan, J. Puiggali, New method of synthesis of poly(ester amide)s derived from the incorporation of glycolic acid residues into aliphatic polyamide, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 25 (2004) 812-817. 

P. Garg, H. Keid, D. Klee, M. MoUer, Thermal prqrerties of poly(ester amide)s with isolated, two adjacent and three adjacent amide groups within a polyester chain, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 210 (2009) 1754-1765. 

P.A.M. lips, R. Broos, M.J.M. van Heeringen, P.J. Dijkstra, J. Feijen, Incorporation of different crystalUzable amide blocks in segmented poly(ester amide)s. Polymer 46 (2005) 7834—7842. 

H.A. Lecomte, J.J. Liggat, A.S.G. Curtis, Synthesis and characterization of novel hiod adable aliphatic poly(ester amide)s containing cyclohexane units, J. Polym. Sd. A Polym. Chem. 44 (2006) 1785-1795. 

H. Tetsuka, Y. Doi, H. Abe, Synthesis and thermal pct i es of novel periodic poly(ester-amide)s derived from adipate, butane-l,4-diamine, and linear aliphatic diols. Macromolecules 39 (2006) 2875-2885. 

R. Bizzarri, R. Solaro, P. TalameUi, E. Chiellini, Synthesis and characterization of new poly(ester-amide)s containing oligo(oxyethylene) segments, J. Bioactive Compatible Polym. 15 (2000) 43-59. 

X. Li, X. Lu, Y. Lin, J. Zhan, Y. Li, Z. Liu, X. Chen, S. Liu, Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic adds and multihydroxyl primary amines. Macromolecules 39 (2006) 7889-7899. 

J.D. Sudha, C.K.S. Pillai, Synthesis and properties of amphotropic hydrogen bonded Uquid crystalline (LC) poly(ester amide)s (PEA) effect of aromatic moieties on LC behavior. Polymer 46 (2005) 6986-6997. 

V.A.E. Shaikh, V.P. Ubale, N.N. Maldar, S.V. Lonikar, C.R. Rajan, S. Ponrathnam, Main-chain Uquid crystalline poly(ester-amide)s containing lithocholic acid units, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100 (2006) 73-80. 

A. Perez-Rodriguez, A. Alla, J.M. Fern4ndez-Santin, S. Munoz-Guerra, Poly (ester amide)s derived from tartaric and succinic acids changes in structure and properties upon hydrolytic degradation, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 78 (2000) 486 94. 

T. Lebarbe, L. Maisonneuve, T.H.N. Nguyen, B. Gadenne, C. Alfos, H. Cramail, Methyl 10-undecenoate as a raw material for the synthesis of renewable semi-crystalline polyesters and poly(ester-amide)s, Polym. Chem. 3 (2012) 2842-2851. 

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