Poly , controlled refractive index

For several decades, carbon black and fumed silica have been used in tires, tubings, sealants and so on.[162,163] More recently, functionalized silica nanoparticles were reported to copolymerize with MMA to produce transparent films with good surface finish and controllable refractive index. [162] The sol-gel process is another research topic to prepare the polymer nanocomposites. The principal sol-gel process includes two steps the formation of a colloidal suspension, i.e. sol, and the gelation of the sol to formulate a network in a continuous liquid phase, i.e. gel. For example, the hydrolysis and poly condensation of silicon alkoxides in the presence of MMA will produce a polymer nanocomposite with superior optical and mechanical properties.[163]... 

Polymer-embedded gold nanoparticles have been extensively studied [1]. Because of unique physical characteristics, gold-polymer nanocomposites are potentially useful for a number of advanced functional applications, especially in the optical and photonic fields. In particular, these materials can be used as light-stable color filters [2], polarizers [3, 4], ultra-low refractive index materials [5], nonlinear optical devices [6], optical sensors [7], and so on. However, still limited are the chemical routes that allow us to obtain monodispersed thiol-derivatized gold nanoparticles with controlled size to be embedded into poly-... 

The results indicated that even if the refractive-index distribution is tightly controlled, the bandwidth of the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PM )-base GI POP was dominated by the material dispersion when the required bit rate becomes larger than 4 Gb/s for 100-m transmission. It was also confirmed that the material dispersion strongly depends on the matrix polymer and that the fluorinated polymer whose material dispersion (-0.078 ns/nm km) is lower than that of poly methyl methacrylate (-0.305 ns/nm-km) allows for a 10 Gb/s transmission rate in 100 m link. 

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