Refractive index control

Refractive Index Control by Electron Beam Irradiation... 

Low-loss, heat-resistant single-mode optical waveguides were fabricated using the fluorinated copolyimides with a high optical transparency and refractive index controllability. The high thermal stability of these waveguide materials... 

Refractive-index control Biochip Supramolecular assembly... 

Whereas the OVD, PCVD, and MCVD processes build a refractive index profile layer by layer, the VAD process uses gaseous constituents in the flame to control the shape and temperature distribution across the face of the growing soot boule. 

Eor purposes of product identification and quaUty control it is useful not only to employ the abovementioned analytical methods but also to measure physical constants such as the density, refractive index, melting point, and pH value of the material. 

This technology also allows the control of refractive index profiles by doping. AH vapor-phase techniques use a vapor stream of volatile haUdes such as SiCl, GeCl, BCl, or POCl, and gases such as CI2 or O2. The reactants are oxidized and deposited onto a substrate to produce a soHd glass preform which is then drawn into a fiber. The variations of the technique differ in the way the reactants are oxidized (16). 

Suspended particles are the most important factor in visibility reduction. In most instances, the visual quality of air is controlled by partide scattering and is characterized by the extinction coeffident The size of particles plays a crucial role in their interaction with light. Other factors are the refractive index and shape of the particles, although their effect is harder to measure and is less well understood. If we could establish these properties, we could calculate the amount of light scattering and absorption. Alternatively, the extinction coeffident associated with an aerosol can be measured directly. 

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