Poly 3-alkylthiophene s

Deen, M. Kazemeini, M. Haddara, Y. Yu, J. Vamvounis, G Holdcroft, S. Woods, W. 2004. Electrical characterization of polymer-based FETs fabricated by spin-coating poly(3-alkylthiophene)s. IEEE Trans. Electronic Dev. 51 1892-1901. 

M Uchida, Y Ohmori, C Morishima, and K Yoshino, Visible and blue electroluminescent diodes utilizing poly(3-alkylthiophene)s and poly(alkylfluorene)s, Synth. Met., 55-57 4168-4173, 1993. 

Bolognesi and coworkers [481-483] reported the Ni-initiated polymerization of 2,5-diiodothiophenes yielding poly(3-alkylthiophene)s 397-399, containing a methoxy group at the end of the alkyl chain (Scheme 2.62). Small shifts in EL of polymer 399 to higher energies... 

S Nagamatsu, W Takashima, K Kaneto, Y Yoshida, N Tanigaki, K Yase, and K Omote, Backbone arrangement in friction-transferred regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, Macro molecules, 36 5252-5257, 2003. 

The conjugation length of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s can be determined from the absorption maximum in the electronic spectrum. Whereas regioregular (i.e., head-tail) poy(3-octylthiophene) (POT) displays a maximum at 442 nm in CHCl3/Freon-113 solution, the absorbance maximum of 504 is blue shifted by 114 to 328 nm. This blue shift could arise from a particularly low molecular weight. 

Despite the fact that optical applications require thin films of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, the photochemistry of these materials has been characterized in solution but only scarcely in the solid state. The UV/Vis spectra of these films of poly(3-butylthiophene) show an absorption band in the visible range corresponding to a n—n transition whose energy depends on 7r-electron delocalization. 

The electronic structures of PTH, poly(2,2 -bithiophene) (PBiT) and poly-(3-alkylthiophene)s have also been the subject of a number of XPS and UPS... 

The most studied substituted conjugated polymers are presently the poly(3-alkylthiophene)s or P3ATs [70], for which the repeat unit is... 

Regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s have received a lot of attention, especially because of their high electrical conductivities in the doped state, and because of their unusual solvatochromic and thermochromic behavior . Hence, a lot of research has been focused on clarifying the structure of these materials, both in the solid state and in solution. Today, it is agreed that supramolecular aggregation of polythiophene chains plays an important role in their physical properties. 

The thermochromic effect in solutions of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s has been attributed to an intramolecular conformational transition to an extended chain conformation, principally on the basis of an observed isosbestic point <1987PSB1071, 1992MM2141>, but evidence for supramolecular aggregates was noted <1987PSB1071>. 

Figure 5.4. Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s are more stable than polythiophene and have excellent tractability and good conductivities.

Dm KJ, Moulton J, Smith P (1993) Whiskers of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 31 735... 

A comparison of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) with side chains ranging from butyl (35d) to dodecyl (35g) showed a non-monotonic dependence of field-effect mobility on alkyl chain length (Figure 3.1.13).[11,210] The average mobility varied... 

Jeffries-El, M., Sauve, G., and McCullough, R.D., Facile synthesis of end-functionalized regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s via modified Grignard metathesis reaction, Macromolecules 38, 10346-10352, 2005. 

Babel, A. and Jenekhe, S.A., Alkyl chain length dependence of the field-effect carrier mobility in regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, Synth. Met. 148, 169-173, 2005. 

Mena-Osteritz, E. et al.. Two-dimensional crystals of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s Direct visualization of polymer folds in submolecular resolution, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39, 2680-2684, 2000. 

The electronic structures of PTH, PbTH, PtTH and poly(3-alkylthiophene)s have been the subject of a number of XPS and UPS studies [117,123,124], A systematic evolution of the rr-bonding orbital was observed by going successively from thiophene to bithiophene and terthiophene. It finally led to the formation of an intrinsic rc-bonding band for undoped... 

Leclerc, M., Diaz, EM., Wegner, G., 1989. Structural analysis of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s. Makromol. Chem. 190,3105-3116. 

EndrSdi, B., Melldr, J., Gingl, Z., Visy, C., Jandky, C., 2015. Molecular and supramolecular parameters dictating the thermoelectric performance of conducting polymers a case study using poly(3-alkylthiophene) s. J. Phys. Chem. C 119,8472-8479. 

A regioselective synthesis of highly conductive poly(3-alkylthiophene)s was reported re-cently. The following synthetic procedure was used ... 

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