Poly , regioregular

Bao, Z. Dodabalapur, A. Lovinger, A. 1996. Soluble and processable regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) for thin film field-effect transistor applications with high mobility. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 4108 1110. 

Kobashi, M. Takeuchi, H. 1998. Inhomogeneity of spin-coated and cast non-regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) films. Structures and electrical and photophysical properties. Macromolecules 31 7273-7278. 

H. Liang, J. Yan, and J. Lu, Synthesis and optical characterization of a novel blue luminescent polymer regioregular poly(l-alkoxy-2,4 -m-phenylene vinylene), Synth. Met., 142 143-145, 2004. 

R.S. Loewe, S.M. Khersonsky, and R.D. McCullough, A simple method to prepare head-to-tail coupled, regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes) using Grignard metathesis, Adv. Mater., 11 250-253, 1999. 

S. Guillerez and G. Bidan, New convenient synthesis of highly regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) based on the Suzuki coupling reaction, Synth. Met., 93 123-126, 1998. 

A. Bolognesi, W. Porzio, G. Bajo, G. Zannoni, and L. Fanning, Highly regioregular poly (3-alkylthiophenes) a new synthetic route and characterization of the resulting polymers, Acta Polym., 50 151-155, 1999. 

P. Barta, F. Cacialli, R.H. Friend, and M. Zagorska, Efficient photo- and electroluminescence of regioregular poly(alkylthiophene)s, J. Appl. Phys., 84 6279-6284, 1998. 

M.J. Marsella, D.-K. Fu, and T.M. Swager, Synthesis of regioregular poly(methyl pyridinium vinylene) an isoelectric analogue to poly(phenylene vinylene), Adv. Mater., 7 145-147, 1995. 

S Nagamatsu, W Takashima, K Kaneto, Y Yoshida, N Tanigaki, K Yase, and K Omote, Backbone arrangement in friction-transferred regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, Macro molecules, 36 5252-5257, 2003. 

Fig. 3 Regioregular poly [3-(2-methyl-1 -butoxy)-4-methylthiophene] (PMBMT) synthesized via oxidative electropolymerization...

Mozer AJ, 8ariciftci N8, Pivrikas A, Osterbacka R, Juska G, Brassat L, Bassler H (2005) Charge carrier mobility in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) probed by transient conductivity techniques a comparative study. Phys Rev B 71 035214... 

Transition metal-catalyzed polymerizations have been reported to give high-purity, regioregular poly-3-alkylthio-phenes suitable for use in electronic devices. Thus, the Negishi protocol using a nickel catalyst and Rieke zinc was employed for the polymerization of 63 to produce the product as a low molecular weight polymer <2003CC2548>. 

The crystalline composites obtained between poly(3-alkylthiophene) and polystyrene showed an enhanced conductivity (07MM6579). The preparation of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) and perylene diimide derivatives composites have been reported (06MI384). The photoluminescence spectra of this type of composites exhibit a significant photoluminescence quenching of the perylene diimide derivative. This result implies that the light absorbed by the perylene diimide units could also contribute to the generation of current at the photovoltaic device. 

Regioregular poly(3,4-cycloalkylthiophene) derivatives, such as 536, have been reported (03JA5286). 

As was mentioned above, conjugated organic polymers in their pristine state, are electrical insulators or, at best, semi-conductors. Their conductivity can be increased by orders of magnitude by a doping process. In the "doped" state, the backbone of a conducting polymer consists of a delocalised 7i-system. Early in the twenty-first century Schon et al. (2001) discovered super-conduction in solution cast doped regioregular poly(3-hexylthio-phene) at temperatures below 2.35 K The appearance of superconductivity seems to be... 

Regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene)s have received a lot of attention, especially because of their high electrical conductivities in the doped state, and because of their unusual solvatochromic and thermochromic behavior . Hence, a lot of research has been focused on clarifying the structure of these materials, both in the solid state and in solution. Today, it is agreed that supramolecular aggregation of polythiophene chains plays an important role in their physical properties. 

Regioregular poly(5,5 -(4,4 -dihexyl-2,2 -bithiazole)), (I), was prepared by Curtis [4] and used in electronic applications such as LED s, rechargeable batteries, and electrolytic capacitors. 

Dicker G, de Haas MP, Warman JM, de Leeuw DM, Siebbeles LDA. (2004) The disperse charge-carrier kinetics in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene). JPhys Chem B 108 17818-17824. 

Fig. 3 Proton NMR spectra of (A) regio-irregular and (B) regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene). (From Ref.. )...

Heeney M., Zhang W., Crouch D. J., Sparrowe D., Hamilton R., Higgins S., Skabara P. and McCulloch 1. (2007), Regioregular poly(3-hexyl)selenophene a low band-gap organic hole transporting polymer , Adv. Mat. (submitted). 

Kim Y., Choulis S. A., Nelson J., Bradley D. D. C., Cook S. and Durrant J. R. (2005), Device annealing effect in organic solar cells with blends of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and soluble fuUerene , Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 063502. 

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