POLLY systems

Lentz, K. A. Hayashi, J. Lucisano, L. J. Polli, J. E., Development of a more rapid, reduced serum culture system for Caco-2 monolayers and application to the biopharmaceutics classification system, Int. J. Pharm. 200, 41-51 (2000). 

Polli JE, Lawrence XY, Cook JA, Amidon GL, Borchardt RT, Burnside BA, Burton PS, Chen ML, Conner DP, Faustino PJ, Hawi AA, Hussain AS, Joshi HN, Kwei G, Lee HL, Lesko LJ, Lipper RA, Loper AE, Nerurkar SG, Polli JW, Sanvordeker DR, Taneja R, Uppoor RS, Vattikonda CS, Wilding I, Zhang G. Summary workshop report biopharamceutics classification system—implementation challanges and extention opportunities. J Pharm Sci 2004 93(6) 1375-1381. 

Ginski MJ, Polli JE (1999) Prediction of dissolution-absorption relationships from a dissolution/Caco-2 system. Int J Pharm 177 117-125. 

Teksin, Z.S., Horn, K., Balakrishnan, A. and Polli, J.E. (2006) Ion pair-mediated transport of metoprolol across a three lipid-component PAM PA system. Journal of Controlled Release, 116, 50-57. 

Yu LX, Amidon GL, Polli JE, et al. Biophannaceutics classification system the scientific basis for biowaiver extensions. Pharm Res 2002 19(7) 921—925. 

Several groups have investigated the effect of surfactants on emitted droplet size. In the early work performed by Polli et al., the surfactant sorbitan trioleate decreased the MM AD of the CFC dexamethasone suspension when added to the formulation (52). A suspension of terbutaline in a CFC system containing sorbitan trioleate surfactant was shown to have little change in emitted particle size when either 2.8 or 14mg/mL of surfactant was added (53). Interestingly, the surfactant had a significant effect on the obscuration (droplet concentration) of the laser diffraction instrument used to determine particle size. Surfactants may lead to an increase in MMAD due to decreased evaporation rates from aerosol droplets. This may occur because of their tendency to associate at the air liquid interface (54). 

The following discussions and assay descriptions are related to cytochrome P450 inhibition. Most drug interaction studies are related to P450 isoenzymes. Nevertheless, other enzyme systems may contribute to significant drug interactions such as transporter (e.g. Floren 1997 Abel 2001) phase II enzymes (e.g. Diet-mann 1976 Zucker 2001 Rayer 2001 Williams 2004), or cytosolic enzymes (Obach 2004). Additional assays related to pgp, phase II or cytosolic enzyme interactions are published in literature (e.g. Polli 2001 Schwab 2002 Schinkel 2003 www.bdbiosciences.com, Obach 2004). 

The World Health Organization acknowledges with thanks the input of the following International Pharmaceutical Federation/World Health Orga-nization/Biopharmaceutics Classification System (FIP/WHO/BCS) Task Force members Kamal K. Midha, Vinod P. Shah, Gordon Amidon, Dirk Barends, Jennifer Dressman, John Hubbard, Hans Junginger, Rabi Patnaik, James Polli and Salomon Stavchansky. 

Yu L, Amidon G, Polli J, Zhao H, Mehta M, Conner D, Shah VP, Lesko L, Chen M, Lee VL, and Hussain AS. Biopharmaceutics Classification System The Scientific Basis for Biowaiver Extensions. Pharm Res 2002 19 921-925. 

Polli L, JW Sanvordeker DR, Taneja R, et al. Summary workshop report biopharmaceutics classification system—implementation challenges and extension opportunities. J Pharm Sd 2004 3 1375-1381. 

L.J., Serabjit-Singh, C.J., Adkison, K.K., and Polli, f.W (2002) Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux differentiate central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS marketed drugs. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 303, 1029-1037. 

Polli JW, Baughman TM, Humphreys JE, Jordan KH, Mote AL, Webster LO, Barnaby RJ, Vitulli G, Bertolotti L, Read KD, Serabjit-Singh CJ. The systemic exposure of an A-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist is limited in mice by the p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein efflux transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2004 32 722-726. 

To distinguish between a molecular and an atom or radical chain mechanism, it is usual to add a substance, an inhibitor, which is capable of removing radicals from the system. Examples of such substances are nitric oxide (Staveley and Hinshelwood, 1936), propene (Rice and Polly, 1938), cyclohexene (MaccoU and Thomas, 1957) and toluene (Szwarc, 1948). The first of these, being an odd-electron molecule, can combine directly with free-radicals the others have readily removable hydrogen atoms j8 to the double bond. Nitric oxide ... 

Other redox-active polyelectrolyte films were prepared from ferrocene-derivatized polly(allylamine) and poly(vinyl pyridine) as well as an osmium complex of poly(vinyl pyridine) [44-46]. These films were synthesized to mediate electron transfer between the electrode and a charged enzyme that was a constituent of the polyelectrolyte film. In the case of ferrocene-derivatized poly(allylamine) or polyfvinyl pyridine), cyclic voltammetry of the bound ferrocene moiety showed small peak splittings (<50 mV at a scan rate of 50 and 20 mV s respectively) [45, 46). The amount of electroactive material increased with the number of deposited layers, but the first layer contained significantly more electroactive ferrocene than the later layers in the poly(allylamine) system [46]. 

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