Pollen tube elongation

Dashek WV, Mills RW. Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid and lily pollen tube elongation. Ann Bot 1980 45 1-12. 

The pollen tube walls contain callose-like polysaccharides that absorb aniline blue. That is why this method is very useful to detect pollen tube elongation and to understand how the tube penetrates the inside of the pistil tissue. The pollen tubes grow from the surface ofthe stigma through... 

Sulzbach, C. W., Pack, M. R., Effect of Fluoride on Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Elongation, Phytopathol. (1971) 61, 913. 

C-Methylene-MI (MMO) is one of several MI antagonists that produce morphological modifications in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a fission yeast with an absolute requirement for MI (Schopfer et al., 1969). When this epoxide is injected into rats, MIOase is inactivated and necrotic lesions develop in the kidneys. Simultaneous administration of MI prevents enzyme inactivation and reduces cytotoxicity (Weinhold and Anderson, 1967). The epoxide also represses pollen germination, inhibits pollen tube elongation, and delays seed germination (Chen et al., 1977 Maiti and Loewus, 1978a,b). 

Malik CP, Mehan M (1975 b) Interaction between cycocel and gibberellic-acid in pollen-tube elongation of Calotropis procera. Curr Sci 44 785-786 Manos GE (1961) The effects of growth substances on attached and detached root tips of Pisum sativum L. Physiol Plant 14 697-711 Manos PJ, Goldthwaite J (1976) An improved cytokinin bioassay using cultured soybean hypocotyl sections. Plant Physiol 57 894-897 Marinos NG (1960) Some responses of Avena coleoptiles to ethylene. J Exp Bot 11 227-235... 

Feder, W. A. Reduction in tobacco pollen germination and tube elongation, induced by low levels of ozone. Science 160 1122, 1968. 

This same reversible response is also exhibited by growing pollen tubes taken from ozone-sensitive varieties of tobacco and petunias. If the ozone dose is low enough, i.e., high level but short exposure, tube elongation ceases momentarily and the tip of the tube narrows. After this growth resumes, and within minutes the normal growth rate is resumed and the tube recovers its normal diameter (45). 

Messerli, M.A., Creton, R., Jaffe, L.F. and Robinson, K.R., 2000, Periodic increases in elongation rate precede increases in cytosolic Ca2+ during pollen tube growth. Dev. Biol. 222 84-98. 

II. Long term effects of colchicine and lAA. New Phytol 65 532-546 Malik CP, Mehan M (1975 a) Correlative effects of auxin, gibberellic acid and kinetin on the elongation of pollen tubes in Calotropis procera. Biochem Physiol Pflanz 167 295-300... 

Fig. 2 Functions of phytochemicals in plant growth and development. Phytoohemicals play multiple functions in plant growth and development, including pollen tube growth elongation (a), seed coat imposed dormancy reinforcement (b), modulation of lignin biosynthesis (c), regulation of auxin polar transport (d), shoot/root gravitropic responses (e), root nodulation (f) and allelopathy (g)...

Flavonoids are not always essential signal molecules in mycorrhizal symbioses, however various other phenolic acids can elicit similar effects. " Compounds that actively promote the growth of AMF (i.e., kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin) " are also required for pollen germination and growth of the germ tube. " " Thus, these compounds may have some general effect on cell elongation.It has been concluded that flavonoids stimulate, but are not essential for mycorrhiza formation. 

If the ozone level is too low, nothing will happen. If the level is too high, elongation will cease and the tube will die. These events occur within a narrow dose range (5-35 ppm for 5-15 min) and can therefore be used to study the threshold levels of sensitivity for pollen of any variety. Other work has shown that relative sensitivity of pollen to ozone is positively correlated to the ozone sensitivity of the pollen parent (43). Sulzbach and Pack (46) have also demonstrated that pollen sensitivity to atmospheric pollutants may be a useful tool for screening plant materials to learn their relative tolerance to pollutants and to attempt to discover selection pressures that may be affecting plant pcpulations. 

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