Pollen deposition

Raynor, G.S. "Experimental Studies of Pollen Deposition to Vegetated Surfaces", Symposium on Atmosphere-Surface Exchange of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants Symposium, September, 1974. Energy Research and Development Administration Symposium Series CONF-740921, National Technical Information Service, US. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA, pp. 264-79. 

Davis, M. B. (1969). Climatic changes in southern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition at Rogers Lake. Ecology 50, 409-422. 

Pollen deposition on milkweed leaves during 1999-2000 (5) is represented on a separate scale in a cinnulative fiequency occurrence curve. 

SWS are useful to obtain direct indications of hydrocarbons (under UV light) and to differentiate between oil and gas. The technique is applied extensively to sample microfossils and pollen for stratigraphic analysis (age dating, correlation, depositional environment). Qualitative inspection of porosity is possible, but very often the sampling process results in a severe crushing of the sample thus obscuring the true porosity and permeability. 

Most organic archaeological residues exist as amorphous biological remains in the archaeological record, but since they lack the macroscopic cellular structure present in seeds, wood, leather, or pollen they cannot be recognized by traditional microscopic techniques. Typical residues include food deposits surviving (either visibly on the surface, or invisibly absorbed... 

Industrial processes, such as mUling and mining, construction work, and the burning of wood or fossil fuel, generate particulates that can be directly toxic or can serve as vectors for the transfer of bound material, such as sulfuric acid, metals, and hydrocarbons, into the lungs. Natural products such as pollen, anthrax spores, and animal dander can elicit toxic reactions on inhalation or skin contact. The inhalation of asbestos, silica, or coal dust can cause pneumoconiosis, which may develop into serious lung disease. The size of the particle, ventilatory rate, and depth of breathing will determine the extent of pulmonary deposition. 

THE AMBIENT ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL consists of liquid and solid particles that can persist for significant periods of time in air. Generally, most of the mass of the atmospheric aerosol consists of particles between 0.01 and 100 xm in diameter distributed around two size modes a coarse or mechanical mode centered around 10- to 20- xm particle diameter, and an accumulation mode centered around 0.2- to 0.8- xm particle diameter (1). The former is produced by mechanical processes, often natural in origin, and includes particles such as fine soils, sea spray, pollen, and other materials. Such particles are generated easily, but they also settle out rapidly because of deposition velocities of several centimeters per second. The accumulation mode is dominated by particles generated by combustion processes, industrial processes, and secondary particles created by gases converting to par-... 

Current pollen detection and warning systems are based solely on morphological information. Pollen samples are deposited from the air, pretreated, and then analysed microscopically. The method works well, but it can be slow. Our research is directed towards the development of a fast automated on-line detection of pollen species based on Raman spectral fingerprints. The Raman spectra are treated as patterns that can be recognized by identification algorithms, which are more objective and less time-consuming than mere visual inspection. 

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