Polarity hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin

Triacetin resistance is especially critical when filter tips are made in one location, stored, and then shipped to another location. For these operations, polyethylene-based adhesives are used because of their low polarity and therefore excellent resistance to triacetin. Where filter plugs are attached at the same location shortly after production, EVA-based adhesives are suitable and preferred. Both types of adhesives use low odor, clean tackifiers such as hydrogenated hydrocarbons or pure monomer resins (typically a-methylstyrene based). Rosin, rosin esters, and phenol-containing tackifiers are not acceptable. EVA-based adhesives use a higher level of wax (about 1 /3 of the formula) than polyethylene-based adhesives (5-20% wax) due to the lower crystallinity and slower set of EVA vs. PE. Application viscosities are 2000-5000 cP. 

There are a number of polymers, notably hydrogenated castor oil and its derivatives, polyamides (Chapter 15) and polyamide-oil or polyamide-alkyd reaction products (Chapter 12), which can be used to impart non-Newtonian viscosity to paints based on non-polar (mainly aliphatic hydrocarbon) solvents. The thickening mechanisms of polymeric additives are not fully established, but the resins have in common the following features borderline solubility in the paints in which they are used and chemical structures involving lengthy soluble non-polar chains (e.g. fatty portions of fatty acids) and polar groups, e.g. -OH, -CONH- and -COOH. 

In one example, colloidal Pd particles are obtained by the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of palladium chloride at pH 1 in a two-layer bath in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent and epoxy dianic resin or PVA. Electrolysis results in flie formation of colloidal palladium organosols stabilized by the chemisorption of tiie polymer. Metal-lopolymers containing up to 90-95% of Pd remain after the removal of solvent and residual electrolyte. They are formed under high cathode polarization where concomitant elimination of hydrogen adsorbed on the nanoparticles (5.5-7.S nm in diameter) occurs. 

Sulfolane, another highly polar solvent, is used to separate aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons [10]. The extraction process first developed by Shell Oil in 1959 and which is referred to as the Sulfolane process is used worldwide. The solvency of sulfolane for certain fatty acids and fatty acid esters is the basis for upgrading animal and vegetable fatty acids used in food products, paints, plastics, resins, and soaps. Aqueous solutions containing 30-70 wt% sulfolane are used to remove lignin from wood chips [11]. Sulfolane is used to remove acidic components like hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gas feed stocks. 

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