Poisons Act

One form of biological poisoning mirrors the effect of lead on a catalytic converter. The activity of an enzyme is destroyed if an alien substrate attaches too strongly to the enzyme s active site, because then the site is blocked and made unavailable to the true substrate (Fig. 13.42). As a result, the chain of biochemical reactions in the cell stops, and the cell dies. The action of nerve gases is believed to stem from their ability to block the enzyme-controlled reactions that allow impulses to travel through nerves. Arsenic, that favorite of fictional poisoners, acts in a similar way. After ingestion as As(V) in the form of arsenate ions (As043 ), it is reduced to As(III), which binds to enzymes and inhibits their action. 

Parts 800 to 1299. Medical devices and radiological health. Regulations under the Federal Import Milk Act, the Federal Tea Importation Act, the Federal Caustic Poison Act, and for control of communicable diseases and interstate conveyance sanitation. 

The observed deactivation of a porous catalyst pellet depends on a number of factors the actual decay reactions, the presence or absence of pore diffusion slowdown, the way poisons act on the surface, etc. We consider these in turn. 

The Poisons Act was passed in 1919 with the objective of consolidating and amending the laws regulating the import, possession for sale sale of poisons. 

Poisons (true poisons) are characterized by their propensity to attach very strongly, by a true chemical bond (e.g. covalent) to the surface atoms or ions constituting the catalytically active sites. Poisons act in minute quantities. Typical poisons of metals are S, As, etc. In most cases, activity and/or selectivity cannot be recovered without a drastic change in operating conditions (most often a regeneration). Recovery, if at all, takes place very slowly and/or only partially. 

E-9) Fluoroacetate (rat poison) acts by converting to fluorocitrate and then inhibiting aconitase at this step. 

Friberg L. Flealth hazards in the manufacture of alkaline accumulators with special reference to chronic cadmium poisoning. Act Med Sea nd 1950 138 (su ppl. 240) 1-124. 

The Poisons Act of 1919 consolidates the laws regulating importation, possession and sale of poisons. Specific permits are needed and substances are classified as poisons as per scheduled list. 

The Poisons Act 1952 (revised 1989) regulates the importation, possession, manufacture, compounding, storage, transport, sale and use of poisons. Essentially, the act determines whether a pharmaceutical product is a prescription item, a pharmacy-only item or an over-the-counter (OTC) item. The classification of a pharmaceutical product into the various categories is the function of the Poisons Board whose secretariat is placed at the offices of the Director of Pharmaceutical Services. The Director of Pharmaceutical Services is also the competent authority for the issuance of import and export authorisation of psychotropics under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971. 

There is no control on the import and use of raw herbs in the country. Raw herbs should not include substances listed in the Schedule of the Poisons Act (Chapter 234) however. 

For import of products containing ingredient(s) controlled under the Poisons Act or the Misuse of Drugs act, the importer must have the relevant import licences. 

Poisons act in different ways. There are four considerations when selecting a poison. Four effects for different objectives. 

The sale of non-medicinal poisons in England, Scotland and Wales is controlled by the Poisons Act 1972, the Poisons Rules 1982 and the Poisons List Order 1982 and amending Orders made to these by statutory instruments. In Northern Ireland, non-medicinal poisons are covered by the Poisons (NI) Order 1976 and the Poisons (NI) Regulations 1983. 

Pharmacists rights as sellers of poisons were confirmed and extended by the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1908, which gave a more comprehensive list of poisons it also gave the police responsibility for enforcing some of the regulations. 

The advent of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933 led to further control of supply of poisons. This Act led to the formation of a Poisons Board, responsible for rule making, local authority lists, inspection and enforcement. This legislation was in force until 1968, when the Medicines Act replaced the medicines component of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act, and 1972, when a new Poisons Act replaced the poisons function of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933. 

A non-medicinal poison is one included in the Poisons List made under the Poisons Act 1972. No matter how toxic or potent a substance may be it will not be termed a poison unless it is included in the Poisons List. Because an item is listed in the Poisons List this does not preclude it from also having medicinal uses. When the substance is sold for medicinal use then the controls applied are those listed in the Medicines Act 1968 it is only when they are sold for non-medicinal purposes that they are subject to the Poisons Act. 

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