Poisoning toxicokinetics

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Enacted in 1976, the TSCA provides the EPA with the authority to require testing and to regulate chemicals, both old and new, entering the environment. It was intended to supplement sections of the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act that already provide for regulation of chemicals. Manufacturers are required to submit information to allow the EPA to identify and evaluate the potential hazards of a chemical prior to its introduction into commerce. The act also provides for the regulation of production, use, distribution and disposal of chemicals, toxicant See poison, toxicokinetics See pharmacokinetics. 

Isbister GK, Hackett LP, Dawson AH, Whyte IM, Smith AJ. Moclobemide poisoning toxicokinetics and occurrence of serotonin toxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003 56 441-50. 

Fujita, Y, K. Terui, M. Fujita, et al. 2007. Five cases of aconite poisoning Toxicokinetics of aconitines. /. Anal. Toxicol. 31(3) 132-137. Kolev, S.T., P. Leman, G.C. Kite, et al. 1996. Toxicity following accidental ingestion of Aconitum containing Chinese remedy. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 15(10) 839-842. 

Goulle JP, Saussereau E, Grosjean J, Doche C, Mahieu L, Thouret JM, et al. Accidental potassium dichromate poisoning. Toxicokinetics of chromium by ICP-MS-CRC in biological fluids and in hair. Forensic Sci Int 2012 217(l-3) e8-12. 

Medmsky MA, Klaassen CD. 1996. Toxicokinetics. In Klaassen CD, editor, Casarett and Doull s toxicology the basic science of poisons. New York McGraw-Hill. 

Baud, F.J., P. Houze, C. Bismuth, J.M. Scherrmann, A. Jaeger, and C. Keyes. 1988. Toxicokinetics of paraquat through the heart-lung block. Six cases of acute human poisoning. Jour. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 26 35-50. Bauer, C.A. 1983. The Effects of Paraquat on Various Reproductive and Growth Parameters in First and Second Generation Bobwhite Quail. Ph.D. thesis, Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute. 70 pp. 

TOXICOKINETICS IN HELPING OF DIAGNOSES AND TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL POISONING... 

Philip, A. and Gearson, B. (1994a). Lead poisoning - part 1 incidence, etiology, and toxicokinetics, Clin. Lab. Med., 14, 423—439. 

It is important to know the differences between pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics as the understanding of these differences will guide the physician in managing the poisoned patient. 

Roshchin AV, Ordzhonikidze EK. 1986. [Metal toxicokinetics and its significance for the prevention of occupational poisoning]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol, Issue 3, 1-6. (Russian). 

Medinsky, M.A. and C.D. Klaassen. 1996. Toxicokinetics. In C.D. Klaassen, ed., Casarett Doull s Toxicology, the Basic Science of Poisons, pp 187-198. Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y. 

Exposure. The major data insufficiency with respect to biomarkers is the lack of quantitative factors that can be measured either in-life or postmortem, and that are uniquely indicative of white phosphorus poisoning. This deficiency is related to the lack of definitive information regarding white phosphorus toxicokinetics. Because little is known about the fate of white phosphorus in the body, there are no substance-quantity or substance-presence tests that are currently available that indicate white phosphorus intoxication. 

Hazouard E, Ferrandiere M, Rateau H, Doucet O, Perrotin D, Legras A. Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration versus continuous veno-venous haemodialysis in severe lithium self-poisoning a toxicokinetics study in an intensive care unit. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999 14(6) 1605-6. 

The data on toxicokinetics of FA are rather contradictory, apparently depending on analytical procedures and dose of the poison also, there is evidence for animal species specificity. The first data on toxicokinetics of FA demonstrated its rather uniform distribution between organs, with some... 

Strychnine competes with the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine producing an excitatory state characterized clinically by hyperreflexia, severe muscle spasms, and convulsions. However, the toxicokinetics after overdose have not been well described. In most severe cases of strychnine poisoning, the patient dies before reaching the hospital (Shadnia et al., 2004). 

Metabolic fate of strychnine in rats. Xenobiotica 19 171-8. Palatnick, W., Meatherall, R., Sitar, D., Tenenbein, M. (1997). Toxicokinetics of acute strychnine poisoning. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 35 617-20. 

Wood, D., Webster, E., Martinez, D., Dargan, P., Jones, A. (2002). Case report survival after deliberate strychnine self-poisoning, with toxicokinetic data. Crit. Care 6 456-9. 

Olmos, V., Lopez, C.M. (2007). Brodifacoum poisoning with toxicokinetic data. Clin. Toxicol. (Philadelphia) 45(5) 487-9. 

The toxicokinetic profile of a chemical warfare agent in mammalian organisms depends on numerous factors, including the nature of the poison, route of exposure, and species differences. Sophisticated study design, modem technical and analytical monitoring tools as well as reliable data from literature are indispensable quality criteria which should be met when performing toxicokinetic studies. The present chapter is focused on this topic. For guidance, we will comment on the stracture of this chapter to provide the reader with an impression of the content. 

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