PMMA/PVF

Brillouin scattering measures the velocity and attenuation of hypersonic thermal acoustic phonons. A theory of Brillouin scattering from polymer blends is presented and illustrated qualitatively by several examples. The study of blend compatibility is illustrated for the system PMMA-PVFS. The detection of inhomogeneous additives is shown for commercial PVC film and cellulose acetate, and simultaneous measurements on separated phases are presented for Mylar film. The main purpose of the paper is to stimulate further work in a potentially promising field. 

Extrusion of a solution through a flat die (CA, cellulose xanthate, PMMA, PVF, blends)... 

PC PE PES PET PF PFA PI PMMA PP PPO PS PSO PTFE PTMT PU PVA PVAC PVC PVDC PVDF PVF TFE SAN SI TP TPX UF UHMWPE UPVC Polycarbonate Polyethylene Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde Polyfluoro alkoxy Polyimide Polymethyl methacrylate Polypropylene Polyphenylene oxide Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetramethylene terephthalate (thermoplastic polyester) Polyurethane Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl idene chloride Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyvinyl fluoride Polytelrafluoroethylene Styrene-acrylonitrile Silicone Thermoplastic Elastomers Polymethylpentene Urea formaldehyde Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride... 

Figure 4. Brillouin spectrum of a quenched film of 75% PVFS 25% PMMA by weight at 20°C...

Figure 5. Brillouin spectra of PMMA, a 40% PVFS-60% PMMA mixture, arui pure PVF at 180°C...

LCP PP, PET, PA, PC, PE, PVC, PVDC, PPS, PVDE, PVF or PMMA to produce oriented films with protrusions that resulted in low friction Wong, 1990, 1994... 

While PVF and FEP have good resistance to abrasion, PMMA and PC are subject to scratching and abrasion from dust particles. Their resistance to such damage can be greatly improved by hard coating of polydimethylsiloxane. 

F igure 1.30. Relationship of fatigue crack growth rate per cycle in several polymers as a function of range of stress intensity factor AK, which is a measure of the range in stress concentrated at the crack tip during cyclic deformation (Hertzberg et ai, 1973). PVF, polyfvinylidene fluoride) PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate) PC, polycarbonate PS, polystyrene. 

The most common POM blends are homologous mixtures of POMs having different molecular structures (linear, branched, cross-linked) (Matsuzaki 1991), different molecular weights (Ishida and Sato 1970), or with different end groups (Nagasaki et al. 1991 Hanezawa and Ono 1991). On the secmid place are blends of POM with TPU, preferably polyester type. POMs are also blended with core-shell acrylic elastomers, MBS or MBA. Commercial blends of POM with PEST are available. To improve weatherability of POM, the resin was blended with PMMA and a fluoropolymer (viz. PTFE, PVF, PVDF) (Katsumata 1991). 

Addition of nanoparticles results in less coalescence of particles during the melt processing, causing improved compatibilization. For example, exfoliated clay compatibilization, snch as in a polycarbonate/polymethylmethacrylate (PC/ PMMA) system, polyphenylene oxide/polyamide (PPO/PA), polyamide/ethyl-ene propylene diene elastomer (PA/EPDM) rnbber, polystyrene/polymethyl-methacrylate (PS/PMMA), and polyvinyl fluoride/polyamide-6 (PVF/PA) blends, is affected by lowering the interfacial tension between the two phases that are phase separated. 

Suitable polymers chitosan, PAA, PCL, PHB, PMMA, PSU, PVC, PVDF-CTFE, PVF-HFP, PVOH, protein, starch ... 

The following linear polymers differing in chemical structure and type of intermolecular interactions were used in these works polystyrene (PS), poly-chlorostyrene (PCS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA), poly(octyl methacrylate) (POMA), poly(decyl methacrylate) (PDMA), poly(a-methyl styrene) (PMS), and polycarbonate (PC). 

Fig. 5. Position of the maximum df the band assigned to low-firequenc dceletal vibrations in the backbone chain as a function the polymer cohesion energy. (7) PS, PMMA, (J) PVC, (4) PAN, (5) PSC, (d) PVF, (7) PVA. PE-calcu. lated in [5]. From Berstein and Ryzhov, Ret. [31]...

Fig. 2 Scheme showing the versatility of the emulsion-solvent evaporation technique for the preparation of nanocapsules. Polymers with completely different properties could be used to build the shell (left) while monomers for self-healing reactions based on various types of polymerization could be encapsulated as liquid core (right). PLLA poly(L-lactide), PVF poly(vinyl framal), PPO poly(phenylene oxide), PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate), PVCi poly(vinyl cinnamate), PVAc poly(vinyl acetate), OMCTS octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, PDMS-DE polydimethylsiloxane diepoxy terminated [31]... 

These data indicate that the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) surface was basic and that chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) and polyvinyl flouride (PVF) were both acidic and basic. Polypropylene was nonpolar, but corona treatment led to formation of acidic and basic sites. Another example of the effect of treatments on the surface of a plastic is shown in Table 6 (49). The surface activity of PVF was increased by plasma treatment, whereas corona treatment... 

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