Plating-stripping process

Figure 6.20 Cyclic voltammetry of the lithium plating-stripping process from a (PE0)9LiCp3S03 cell at 80°C. Electrode surface 1.75 cm. The number of consecutive cycles is indicated in the figure. From [15] by permission of the Electrochemical Society, Inc.

The lithium passivation in liquid electrolyte cells has been extensively investigated and its characteristics - in terms of nature and of growth rate of the passivation film, as well as its effect on the cyclability of the lithium electrode - have been well established. As a result of these studies, it is now clear that the efficiency of the lithium plating-stripping process greatly depends on the nature of the selected electrolyte solution. 

Cyanide-based dips are often used before plating or after stripping processes to remove metallic smuts on the surface of parts. 

Products/technologies These include Microtiter Plastics (plates, strips, accessories) Microtiter plate coating systems Microtiter detection reader systems, automated Microtiter plate immunoassay processing systems (such as the Dias immunoassay system) Microtiter plate washers and Revelation software. 

The cast ingots produced by the raw-material producers are of little use for manufacturing processes until they have been formed to a suitable shape, i.e. sheet, plate, strip, bar, sections, etc. 

The negative current collector is a perforated nickel-plated steel pocket plate assembly. The tubes are produced from perforated nickel-plated strips that are wound to produce a tube. The tubular construction has one end crimped and the active material is poured into the open end in layers with nickel flakes. Alternatively, a machine automatically introduces the active material and tamps it into the pockets. After filling, the tubes/pockets are crimped and pressed into openings in the nickel-plated steel electrode frame. A similar process is used for the positive electrode. 

The plating resist is removed by standard stripping process. 

As the final process, the seed layers between the conductor traces are removed by appropriate etching process. A supplemental metal plating is conducted as the protection layer for the process, prior to the stripping process of the plating resist. 

A set of process for stripping and etching of the seed layer between conductor traces is conducted to have isolated circuits. A gold plating on the conductors prior to the stripping process is recommended for the chemical protection of the traces. 

Distillation in a packed tower is preferred over a plate tower for small diameter towers having a diameter less than 2 ft. For corrosive liquids, ceramic/plastic packings are preferred along with a packed tower over plate towers. For low pressure drops or vacuum distillation applications, structured packings are preferred. The details provided in Section 8.1.2.1 for gas absorption/stripping processes are equally valid for distillation processes. Calculation methods for flooding based design illustrated there may also be used here. 

Screw-pressed oil is aUowed to stand to settle out suspended soUds, filtered through plate filter presses, and then pumped to storage. The oil-rich solvent (miscella) from the solvent-extraction process is filtered or clarified, and most of the solvent is removed in a long tube evaporator. FinaUy, the concentrated oil passes through a stripping column where sparging steam is injected to remove the residual solvent. A metric ton of cottonseed yields ca 91... 

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