Plastics commercial, review

Polycarbonate resins and polycarbonate plastics have been the subject of commercial reviews discussing properties, processing and applications. 

The second introductory chapter discusses the effect of different classes of chemicals on polymers. Definitions of different types of interactions and methods to measure them are given, and the reasons for different interactions of chemicals with plastics and elastomers are discussed. The general hierarchy of the chemical resistance of different classes of polymers and commercial plastics is reviewed, along with the common methods used to enhance chemical resistance properties. Finally, examples of some applications that require chemical resistance are given, along with materials that would be suitable for these applications. 

The principal solution to fabrication difficulties is copolymerization. Three types of comonomers are commercially important vinyl chloride acrylates, including alkyl acrylates and alkyimethacrylates and acrylonitrile. When extmsion is the method of fabrication, other solutions include formulation with plasticizers, stabilizers, and extmsion aids plus applying improved extmsion techniques. The Hterature on vinyHdene chloride copolymers through 1972 has been reviewed (1). 

The bulk of plastics materials are required to operate within the range of -30 to + 100°C. There has, however, been a steadily increasing demand for materials to operate outside of these ranges, particularly in certain aerospace, military and telecommunications applications. A considerable amount of research work has been carried out in response to this demand and many thousands of polymers, both organic and inorganic, have been prepared. Many of those which have achieved commercial use have been considered in earlier chapters but in the final part of this chapter it is intended to review the overall situation. 

This class of polyesters consists of four major commercial polymers and their copolymers, namely PET, PTT, PBT, and PEN (see Table 2.1). They compete for engineering thermoplastics, films, and fibers markets with other semicrystalline polymers, such as aliphatic polyamides, and for some other applications with amorphous engineering plastics such as polycarbonate. The syntheses of PET and PBT, detailed in numerous reviews and books,2-5 are described in Sections 23.2.2 and 2.3.2.1. 

Gel polymer lithium-ion batteries replace the conventional liquid electrolytes with an advanced polymer electrolyte membrane. These cells can be packed in lightweight plastic packages as they do not have any free electrolytes and they can be fabricated in any desired shape and size. They are now increasingly becoming an alternative to liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion batteries, and several battery manufacturers. such as Sanyo. Sony, and Panasonic have started commercial production.Song et al. have recently reviewed the present state of gel-type polymer electrolyte technology for lithium-ion batteries. They focused on four plasticized systems, which have received particular attention from a practical viewpoint, i.e.. poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN). ° poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). - and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) based electrolytes. ... 

Mary L. Good Exactly. It depends on to whom you are talking. There have actually been three or four chemical companies involved. DuPont and a couple of small companies did some very innovative work on utilizing some plastics for commercial opportunities that had never been looked at before. Nevertheless, participation in ATP by the chemical industry has been rather small. The chemical industry is very proprietary, and many chemical companies are unwilling to go through the review process that NIST requires. 

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