Plastically crystalline matrix

Mass diffusion between grain boundaries in a polycrystal can be driven by an applied shear stress. The result of the mass transfer is a high-temperature permanent (plastic) deformation called diffusional creep. If the mass flux between grain boundaries occurs via the crystalline matrix (as in Section 16.1.3), the process is called Nabarro-Herring creep. If the mass flux is along the grain boundaries themselves via triple and quadjunctions (as in Sections 16.1.1 and 16.1.2), the process is called Coble creep. 

Usually the surfactant concentration in ointments and creams is significantly lower than in surfactant gels. Ointments are non-aqueous preparations, whereas creams result from ointments by adding water. The microstructure of both ointments and creams may consist of liquid crystals, as long as a liquid crystalline network or matrix is formed by amphiphilic molecules. In a liquid crystalline matrix, it is easier to deform the system by shear such formulations show plastic and thixotropic flow behavior on shear. In comparison to systems with a crystalline matrix which are usually destroyed irreversibly by shear, those with a liquid crystalline matrix exhibit a short regeneration time of... 

Thermal properties of thermoplastic starch composites reinforced with pehuen husk showed the potential of this bioliber as an excellent reinforcement for composite materials. TPS composites showed a good interaction between the fibers and the plasticized starch matrix due to the natural affinity between husk and starch in the pehuen seed. TPS/PLA/PV A blend showed partial miscibility or co-continuous phase and TPS/PLA/PV A composites presented also discontinuities at the biofiber-polymeric matrix interface. The incorporation of biofiber improved the thermal stability of the composites, increasing the initial decomposition temperature. The biofiber hinders the out-dififusion of the volatile molecules (e.g., glycerol), retarding the decomposition process of starch composites. On the other hand, the degree of crystallinity of composites decreases when pehuen husk content increases (Castano et al. 2012). 

When heated above their melting points, the crystalline matrixes become soluble these melts may be used to bond the plastics to themselves or other materials through heat alone. 

Plastic-crystalline succinonitrile (SN) can also be added to the PEO-LiBp4 electrolyte system. The SN molecules exert two functions (1) SN influences the distribution of the different phases present in the system, leading to an increase in amorphous salt-containing phases this results in an enhanced charge carrier concentration. (2) SN molecules cause a drastic increase in the mobility of the PEO matrix. It means that SN not only reduces the crystallinity of PEO but also acts as a solid lubricant for the polymer chains [2]. As a result, the ionic conductivity is increased. 

DMA can also be used effectively to characterise blends of plastics, although in this case there is an important distinction between amorphous and crystalline plastics. For a number of crystalline plastics, the 7 is well below the crystalline melting point and the presence of the supporting influence of the crystalline matrix has a significant effect in reducing the fall in modulus as the material passes through the 7. This means that the 7 for these materials... 

As Carfagna et al. [61] suggested, the addition of a mesophasic polymer to an amorphous matrix can lead to different results depending on the properties of the liquid crystalline polymer and its amount. If a small amount of the filler compatible with the matrix is added, only plasticization effect can be expected and the dimensional stability of the blend would be reduced. Addition of PET-PHB60 to polycarbonate reduced the dimensionality of the composite, i.e., it increased the shrinkage [42]. This behavior was ascribed to the very low... 

Strong elongational deformation and use of matrix polymers whose viscosity is higher than that of TLCP phase are better to ensure uniform and fine fibril formation. But application of compatibilizing techniques to in situ composite preparation can be useful to get the most desirable products. These can reduce the high costs of the liquid crystalline polymers and expensive special engineering plastics used for the in situ composite preparation and reduce the processing cost, whereas they can increase the performance of produced in situ composites, hence, their applications, too. 

Composite rocket propellants are two-phase mixtures comprising a crystalline oxidizer in a polymeric fuel/binder matrix. The oxidizer is a finely-dispersed powder of ammonium perchlorate which is suspended in a fuel. The fuel is a plasticized polymeric material which may have rubbery properties (i.e. hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene crosslinked with a diisocyanate) or plastic properties (i.e. polycaprolactone). Composite rocket propellants can be either extruded or cast depending on the type of fuel employed. For composite propellants which are plastic in nature, the technique of extrusion is employed, whereas for composite propellants which are rubbery, cast or extruded techniques are used. 

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