Plastic dopant

Dufour, B., P. Rannou, P. Fedorko, D. Djurado, J.P Travers, and A. Pron. 2001. Effect of plasticizing dopants on spectroscopic properties, supramolecular structure, and electrical transport in metallic polyaniline. Chem Mat 13 4032. 

Zinc compounds are generally colorless unless the other component, eg, chromate, is colored. The lack of color of most zinc compounds in visible light is a great advantage in that they do not color paint films, plastics, mbber, cosmetics, etc. However, when excited by various types of radiation and at various temperatures, zinc oxide, sulfide, selenide [1315-09-9], and related compounds exhibit luminescence, ie, they emit colored light (see Luminescent materials). Zinc-based phosphors can be produced in many colors, depending upon the added dopants. They are used in television tubes, luminescent glasses, and various specialty products. 

Phosphorus oxychloride 10025-87-3 Organic synthesis Plasticizers Gasoline additives Hydraulic fluids Insecticides Dopant for semiconductor grade silicon Flame retardants Tabun (GA) 1.05... 

Zhu, Z.-T. Menard, E. Nuzzo, R. G. Rogers, J. A. 2005. Spin on dopants for high-performance single-crystal silicon transistors on flexible plastic substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 133507. 

Used industrially for the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds (Insecticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, defoliants) as well as esters for plasticizers, gasoline additives, and hydraulic fluids used in industry as a chlorinating agent, catalyst, dopant for semiconductor grade silicon, fire retarding agent, and solvent in cryoscopy. 

A further interesting effect discovered in our laboratories is that the addition of low levels of a second component, or dopant ion, can lead to significant increases in the ionic conductivity [6, 30, 31]. Typically these dopant species, for example, Li, OH , and H" ", are much smaller than the organic ions of the matrix, and since the relaxation times characterizing the motion of these ions are more rapid than those of the bulk matrix itself, these materials may represent a new class of fast ion conductor. The dopant ion effect can be used to design materials for specific applications, for example, Li+ for lithium batteries and H /OH for fuel cells or other specific sensor applications. Finally, we have recently discovered that this dopant effect can also be apphed to molecular plastic crystals such as succinonitrile [32]. Such materials have the added advantage that the ionic conductivity is purely a result of the dopant ions and not of the solvent matrix itself. 

Organic polymers that possess the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of metals are known as conductive polymers (CPs). Because of their conjugated u electron backbones, they can be oxidized or reduced more easily and more reversibly than conventional polymers with charge-transfer agents, also commonly called dopants, a term borrowed from condensed matter physics. While retaining some of the mechanical properties of polymers, they do not melt or dissolve in common organic solvents, a major impediment to their widespread commercialization in the same manner as traditional plastics. The same electronic structure that confers electrical conductivity to these polymers also contributes to their intractability and instability. 

Numerous Br SSNMR studies have been carried out on AgBr, many of which focused on the addition of dopants and their effects on the bromine SSNMR spectra (see below).The temperature and time dependence of the Br NMR signal of plastically deformed AgBr (both pure and NaBr doped) have also been discussed and related to the density of lattice dislocations. The reader is referred to Table 9 for additional information on AgBr. 

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