Plasma televisions

The development of new materials is governed by the current societal need and availability of resources. However, the adoption of a material depends primarily on its cost, which is even observed by changes in the chemical makeup of currencies through the years. Coins currently comprise worthless ferrous alloys rather than high concentrations of metals such as gold, silver, copper, and nickel that comprised early coins. When a new technology or material is introduced, there is almost always a high price associated with its adoption. For example, consider the cost of computers and plasma televisions when they first became available - worth tens of thousands of dollars ... 

In larger displays, LCDs compete in the consumer market with plasma televisions, which utilize small compartments of gas for the light on their screens. 

Plasma televisions comprise two glass plates, one with vertical conductive lines and one with horizontal lines, and a neon-xenon gas mixture positioned between these plates. When placed together, the two plates form a grid. Electric currents are passed through the horizontal and vertical lines, causing the gas to emit ultraviolet light, which excites fluorescent materials and create the picture (see Fig. 3.3). 

Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) are almost universally used in colour televisions and still dominate in the display monitors of desktop computers. They are obviously not suitable for laptop PCs, because of bulk and weight, where currently liquid crystal displays are the systems of choice. Neither are they the most suitable technology for very large area displays, where other display techniques such as plasma panels and electroluminescent devices offer advantages. 

Calcium ions are important in muscle contraction and in regulating heartbeat. If the concentration of calcium ions falls too low, death is inevitable. In a television drama, a patient is brought to hospital after being accidentally splashed with hydrofluoric acid. The acid readily penetrates the skin, and the fluoride ions combine with the calcium ions in the blood. If the patient s volume of blood plasma is 2.8 L, what amount (in mol) of fluoride ions would completely combine with all the calcium ions in the patient s blood ... 

Luminescent oxides (or phosphors) play an important role in television receivers and other cathode ray tube (CRT) applications, fluorescent lamps, scintillation counters, and information display devices including CRT and flat panel display (FPD) as well as the emerging plasma display... 

There are plenty of advanced products for phosphors used in tri-chromatic fluorescent lighting, phosphor converted light emission diodes (pcLED), X-ray imaging, specialty lamps, back lighting for liquid crystal displays (LCD), cathode ray tubes (CRT) for televisions and monitors, plasma display panels (PDF), projection televisions (PRT), and field emission displays (FED). 

Even the colours of television screens and computer monitors make use of solids that have been developed by chemists. Gone are the days of power-hungry, bulky cathode-ray tubes. Now we are in the world of liquid crystals, plasma displays, and OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes). The liquid crystals and OLEDs are formed of molecules built by chemists that respond in special... 

Polymer surfaces are modified by plasma techniques for interfacial enhancement [4-10], Au, Ag, Pd, Cu and Ni were coated on poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) by barrel technique [11]. Coating of A1 alloys on PET was compared with Ti layer under A1 alloys [12]. Thin Aluminum oxide coatings have been deposited on various uncoated papers, polymer-coated papers and plain polymer films using atomic layer deposition technique [13]. The isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and A1 composite is widely used as television cable electromagnetic shielding materials [14], The reflection of infrared light depends on geometry of the surface of alumi-... 

A television using a cathode ray tube (CRT) installed in homes for almost a century has been rapidly replaced by flat panel displays such as the liquid crystal display (LCD) panel and plasma display panel (PDF). Along with the development... 

Political Change. With the proliferation of high-definition television sets, whether in plasma or LCD... 

A more recent application for formulations containing tiie aqueous developed conductors is the production of displays such as plasma high-definition television panels. The line resolution and placement accuracy of the photocurable pastes in this application can be used to generate more pixels per square xmit of panel, resulting in improved picture quality. 

There is still strong competition from plasma displays in this market segment which could affect sales. Philips has been suffering from the downturn in demand for CRT which has culminated in the insolvency of LG Philips Displays, the world s largest manufacturer of television and computer display CRT with an estimated 25% world market share. 

A completely different HDTV flat screen technology was revealed to the public in September 2005 when Canon demonstrated flat panel television sets using its surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED). The technology is based on the traditional CRT as used in current television sets. However, in this case the traditional vacuum tubes have been miniaturised to the extent that thousands of them have been packed inside a flat panel display which is between 10 and 12.5 cm thick. In fact there are actually as many electron emitters as there are pixels on the screen - a situation which is claimed to deliver brighter, sharper and clearer pictures with added bonus of having a longer service life than LCD or plasma sets. Other benefits include power consumption up to one-third less than plasma display television sets. 

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