Plants/plant toxins

The synthesis of the fungal wheat plant toxin helminthosporal is referred to in Sections 3.1 and 5.2 of Part One. 

Harbome, J.R., Baxter, H., and Moss, G.R (1996). Dictionary of Plant Toxins, 2nd edition—A dictionary that gives details of many toxins produced by plants. 

CYP6D1 of the housefly (Musca domestica) has been found to hydroxylate cyper-methrin and thereby provide a resistance mechanism to this compound and other pyrethroids in this species (Scott et al. 1998 see also Chapter 12). Also, this insect P450 can metabolize plant toxins such as the linear furanocoumarins xanthotoxin and bergapten (Ma et al. 1994). This metabolic capability has been found in the lepi-dopteran Papilio polyxenes (black swallowtail), a species that feeds almost exclusively on plants containing furanocoumarins. 

Scott, J.G., Liu, N.A., and Wen, Z. (1998). Insect cytochromes P450 diversity, insect resistance and tolerance to plant toxins. In D.R. Livingstone and J.J. Stegeman (Eds.) Forms and Function of Cytochrome P450, 147-156. 

Deguchi, T. Urakawa, N. Takamatsu, S. Animal, Plant Microbial Toxins 1976, 2, 379. 

The receptor-mediated form of endocytic uptake has been identified for a wide variety of physiological ligands, such as metabolites, hormones, immunoglobulins, and pathogens (e.g., virus and bacterial and plant toxins). Several endosomotropic receptors identified in cells are listed in Table 2. 

Grant WM. 1986. Toxicology of the eye. In Encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, plants, toxins, and venoms. Springfield, IL Charles C. Thomas, 495-497. 

Murphy, S.D. (1992). The determination of the allelopathic potential of pollen and nectar. In Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. Volume 13. Plant Toxin Analysis, H.F. Linskens and J.F. Jackson (eds), pp. 333-357. Springer-Verlag, New York,USA... 

Olsnes, S., and Pihl, A. (1976) Abrin, ricin, and their associated agglutinins. In The Specificity of Animal, Bacterial and Plant Toxins. Receptors and Recognition (P. Cuatrecasas, ed.), Series B, Vol. 1, pp. 129-173. Chapman Hall, London. 

In order for allelochemicals to enter the body of a herbivore, absorption must occur across the gut lining. Curtailing the initial absorption of dietary allelochemicals may be a herbivore s first line of defense against plant toxins. Studies have citied the lack of absorption or metabolism of lipophilic plant secondary metabolites (i.e., terpenes), conducive to phase I or II detoxification, in the gut of terrestrial herbivores rather these compounds are excreted unchanged in the feces (Marsh et al. 2006b). While physical barriers or surfactants have been used to explain this limited adsorption in both marine and terrestrial herbivores (Lehane 1997 Barbehenn and Martin 1998 Barbehenn 2001 for review of marine herbivores, see Targett and Arnold 2001), active efflux of plant allelochemicals out of enterocytes into the gut lumen has received limited attention until now. 

Unlike their relatives, senita flies are unaffected by these toxins. They flourish on an artificial diet containing even ten times as much toxin as the cactus produces. The plant s toxins fail to deter... 

Plant Peptide Toxins from Nonmarine Environments... 

Plant Peptide Toxins in Biotechnoiogy and Pharmaceuticai Appiications 278... 

Plant Peptide Toxins as Pharmaceutical Tools and Agents 279... 

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