Planting: annuals woody plants

These data amply confirm the original contention concerning the feasability of using cellulolytic enzyme systems for the isolation of additional amount of native lignin from various woody tissues. Moreover, this method can be applied not only to perennial plants, but also to annual plants. 

Grasses and other similar plants, which may be annual, biennial, or perennial in their growth habit, do not have woody components, but also add leaves and stems to the soil each year. These leaves and stems decompose over a 1-year period, adding organic matter to the soil surface. Often these leaves seem to decompose faster than tree leaves however, in all cases, the rate of decomposition will largely depend on both the characteristics of the plant material and local environmental conditions. 

The term "herbaceous" applies, botanically, to any plant that does not form a persistent woody stem. Confusingly, though, "herbaceous" is commonly used as shorthand for "herbaceous perennial," to mean plants such as hostas, delphiniums, and the like, that die down in the winter, and return every spring. These plants may also be referred to simply as "perennials." This chapter, however, covers the whole spectrum of herbaceous plants—annuals, biennials, bulbs, and half-hardy perennials grown as annuals, as well as herbaceous perennials, and including grasses. 

Plants, both hardy and half-hardy, that germinate, flower, set seed, and die within one year, such as marigolds, are known as annuals. Biennials, such as foxgloves, take two years to complete this process. Both can be more labor-intensive than bulbs, perennials, and woody plants, as you have to sow them each year however, this does allow for an annual change of color scheme. 

The effect of ozone injury on herbaceous plant reproduction has been mentioned earlier in this chapter and in Chapter 11. Seed production by annuals is influenced mainly by the envirorunental conditions of the current year, but perennial woody plants—particularly conifers—are erratic seed-producers. Intrinsic factors affecting cone production include age and vigor seasonal temperature and soil moisture are important environmental factors. ... 

Simazine is widely used for preemergence control in field-grown nursery stock in North America. Selective use in container nurseries also has been demonstrated (Ahrens, 1972 Fretz, 1974 Wadsworth, 1975 Bing, 1983). It is less widely used in container-grown nursery production because of potential leaching (Elmore et al., 1976), but is especially effective when applied in the fall or winter to control winter annual weeds in containers. Simazine currently is registered in the United States for 50 species of woody ornamental nursery stock and Christmas trees. Tables 18.1 and 18.2 list selected species of conifers and deciduous ornamental plants, respectively, and their observed tolerance to simazine at rates of 2.2-3.3kg/ha. Information for these tables was obtained from personal observations and the literature, including those references by Ries et al. (1959) Ahrens (1961) Ticknor (1972) and Schubert et al. (1986). 

Uses Bromacil is a colorless crystalline solid. It is used for the control of annual and perennial grasses, broadleaf weeds, and woody plants.1213 Bromacil is a herbicide used for bush weed control on non-cropland areas. It is especially useful against perennial grasses. It is also used for selective weed control in pineapple and citrus crops. It interferes with photosynthesis of plants. It is available in granular, liquid, water-soluble liquid, and wettable powder formulations. 

Uses Glyphosate is a phosphanoglycine and does not inhibit cholinesterase activity.12,13 Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, nonselective systemic herbicide with moderate toxicity. Essentially, it is useful on all annual and perennial plants including grasses, sedges, broadleaf weeds, and woody plants. It is used on noncropland and on a variety of crops.17,28-34... 

Chemicals used to control weeds are called herbicides. They kill plants by contact or systemic action. Contact herbicides kill only the plant parts which the chemical touches. Systemic herbicides are absorbed by roots or foliage and carried throughout the plant. Systemic herbicides are particularly effective against perennial weeds because the chemical reaches aU parts of the plant—even deep roots and woody stems, which are relatively inaccessible. Contact herbicides are usually used to control annuals and biennials and are characterized by the quick die-back they cause. Systemics may take a longer time to provide the desired results—up to 2 or 3 weeks, or even longer for woody perennials. 

Legume species represent a wide variety of growth forms, ranging from annual plants to herbaceous perennials to woody shrubs, vines, and trees. 

Saturn completes its course in thirty years. Woody Perennials often live thirty years, some live longer. These plants show annual rings, grey or dull foliage or bark, and are usually woody. They have an unpleasant taste and odour, are often poisonous and have a cooling affect. 

Acid rain has been shown to effect woody plants at all stages of their development. Seedlings, immature through older, fully expanded leaves and needles, as well as annual rings of woody plants have been shown to be injured by simulated acid rain. 

Angiosperms Advanced plants that produce their seeds within the ovaries of their flowers. Angiosperms are the dominant land flora of today. They consist of woody plants that produce a perennial trunk or stem (trees and shrubs) and herbaceous plants whose stems are annual (grasses and herbs). 

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