Plant-site complex safety

The general approach to the safety of the plant-site complex... 

This sections discusses some aspects of the approach to safety which pertain to a plant-site complex. In the following, some important issues about the approach to safety will be considered. 

The first step in minimizing accidents in a chemical phuit is to evaluate the facility for potential fires, explosions, and vulnerability to other liazards, particularly those of a chemical miture. This calls for a detailed study of plant site and layout, materials, processes, operations, equipment, and training, plus an effective loss prevention program. The technical nature of industry requires detailed data and a broad range of experience. Tliis complex task, today becoming the most important in plant design, is facilitated by the safety codes, standiu ds, and practice information available. The technical approach to evaluating die consequences of hazards is discussed later in tliis cliapter and in Part V (Chapters 20 and 21). 

The situation becomes more complicated when full lifecycle and maintenance activities are considered. Cyber security applies to all equipment suppliers and contractors, and also to any software maintenance and modification activities that may be done on the site to digital systems. In addition to the plant control and protection systems, there will be document management systems, work control systems and site access control systems, all of which have some relevance to safety. Hence Fig. 3.2 shows what a typical simplified information security architecture for an industrial plant site might look like. This shows a somewhat higher degree of complexity than Fig. 3.1. 

On the other hand, in Europe, the site selection criteria usually consider the site-plant complex. Therefore, for example, if a plant with the usual safety systems could not be located on a specific site because accident doses exceeded the reference limits, it was possible to make the plant acceptable for the same site by the improvement of the systems for fuel integrity protection in case of accidents. 

In accordance with the national program of nuclear power development, a complex of R D work is being carried out by the Russian design and scientific organisations on development of advanced power units of new generation with reactor plant WWER-lOOO/V-392. These units meet up-to-date national and international requirements for safety and economic efficiency of electric power production. Permission of the Gosatomnadzor RF has been issued for the construction of the forerunner unit of this design at Novovoronezh NPP site. 

Site-related man-made phenomena that are important to the safety of the plant, for example, gas clouds (potentially released by chemical complexes, etc), aircraft crashes, and explosions (which could occur at nearby highways or railways). 

The battery supply company would assembly the battery heat source reactor at his factory then he must transport it to the customer s site, install it next to a pre-built, non-safety grade balance of plant and bring it to power over a short start-up period. The supplier consortium, therefore, needs to include a large-scale construction and logistic company. Such companies exist in the ocean oil rig business to build ocean oil rigs in shipyard-like facilities, tow them by sea to the installation site, and using cranes of many hundred ton capacity, install and start up the complex rigs in a matter of months (see Fig. XXIV-15). 

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