Plant layout specification components

Suitable provisions shall be made in the design and layout of the plant to minimise exposure and contamination from all sources of radioactivity. Such provisions shall include adequate design of systems and components with respect to low radiation exposure during maintenance and inspection, shielding from direct radiation, reduction of corrosion-product activation by specification of appropriate materials, means of monitoring, control of access to the plant, minimisation of the time to be spent in contaminated areas, and suitable decontamination facilities. 

The layout and arrangement of the plant provides adequate working space and access for inspection of specific areas of Code Class 1 components of the RCPB in accordance with IWA-1500. The Code Class 1 components of RCPB subject to inspection are those components defined by ASME Code Section III, Division 1. 

In comparison with previous plants, a substantial rerhiction of building volumes has been achieved, implying a significant cost reduction. Nevertheless, BWR 90, like previous plants, is characterized by a fairly spacious layout, which ensures easy access to the plant components. The installation and ventilation principles are maintained and the material specifications even more stringent hence, low occupational exposures are anticipated also for the BWR 90 plants. 

As indicated by the terminology of fuel cells, e.g., PEFC, AFC, SOFC, others (see below), the electrolyte is the decisive cell component, which determines operation temperature, the choice the electrodes (electrocatalytic materials), and finally the specifics of the electrochemistry of the reactants. This, on the other hand, has consequences for the layout of the fuel cell design (balance of plant) and possible applications of the respective fuel cell technology, according to the required duty cycle of the application. 

Structures are used in most industrial fecilities to accommodate equipment and associated components to suit specific process, real estate, climatic, and client requirements. A structure can be designed to support one or two pieces of equipment or an entire process plant and can be open or enclosed, The principal ob-jeaives in the layout of struaures are to optimize all available space and to suppon safety, maintenance, operation, cost, and constructability. 

In practice, the usual procedure is that the plant operator determines the quality level of the plant to be procured with the aid of his own standards. This occurs in connection with so-called specifications. In large-scale enterprises extensive sets of specifications exist, containing detailed information on all plant components to be procured, such as pipes, devices, fittings, measuring and control equipment up to scope and layout of the plant documentation. After the quality level has been determined on the part of the operator, the next task is the minimization of investment costs for the plant that fulfils such requirements. 

---