Plant growth regulation differentiation

The early approaches employed to boost secondary metabolite yields using in vitro plant cell or organ cultures included, selection of nutrient regimes, choice of culture systems and conditions, level of plant growth regulators, cell line selection, precursor feeding, culture elicitation, removal of end-product, culture differentiation, etc. These were successfully followed by the application of recombinant DNA... 

Kaur-Sawhney, R. Shekhawat, N.S. Galston, A.W. (1985). Polyamine levels as related to growth, differentiation and senescence in protoplast-derivated cultures of Vigna-aconitifolia and Avena-sativa. Plant Growth Regulation, Vol. 3, No. 3-4, pp 2>19-2>2>7, ISSN 0167-6903. 

Plant cells produce far more chemical compounds than is necessary for their basic functions i.e., biochemical pathways for survival and propagation. Basic or primary metabolism refers to all biochemical processes for the normal anabolic and catabolic pathways, which result in assimilation, respiration, transport, and differentiation. Basic or primary metabolism is shared by all cells, while secondary metabolism generates diverse and seemingly less essential or nonessential byproducts called secondary products. The secondary products are the colors, flavors, and smells, which are the sources of fine chemicals such as drugs, insecticides, dyes, flavors, and fragrances, and plant-growth regulators found in medicinal plants. 

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is an extracellular plant enzyme that acts in regulation of cell growth and differentiation, polymerization of cell wall components, and the oxidation of secondary metabolites essential for important pathogenic defense reactions. Because of these essential functions, and also because of its stability and ready availability, HRP has attracted considerable attention.13 It has been involved in a number of applications, such as diagnostic assays,14 biosensors,15 bioremediation,16 polymer synthesis,17 and other biotechnological processes.18 More applications in which HRP catalysis is translated into an electrochemical signal are likely to be developed in the near future. 

Phytoferritin transcription is induced by iron excess and repressed by iron deficiency in leaves as well as in roots in several plant species in the case of maize, there are two ferritin genes which are differentially regulated by two independent-signalling pathways, one involving an oxidative step and one dependent on the plant growth hormone, abscissic acid. 

Plants make several hormones that regulate growth and differentiation. 

Successful growth and propagation of plant cells freely suspended in liquid media was first demonstrated almost 50 years ago (11-13). Much attention has been focused since on elucidating the necessary media components that support growth and differentiation of the culture. The role of growth regulators was pointed out in 1957 (14) and the process of somatic embryogenesis was realized in... 

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