Plant control, revolution

This revolution in plant control has been led largely by the aviation industry, which was ahead of process plant in the adoption of digital control systems. For that reason, the design of digital plant control systems for hazardous process plant can leam a great deal from the experiences, incidents and accidents in the aviation sector as it changed to digital systems, as we shall see. 

The plant engineer s objective must be to ensure that plant operates at a profit. If overall efficiency of operation is to be achieved, and the working costs of plant kept within acceptable bounds, time must be set aside for the control and application of lubrication. The evolution of lubricants and their application has continued ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and as the pattern of industry becomes increasingly more complex, the standard of performance of lubricants becomes progressively more important. 

Pollution issues became significantly more important, however, with the Industrial Revolution the early 18th century. At that time, the by-products of industrial operations were released into the surrounding environment, with little or no attempt to determine or control their effect on plants, animals, and human life. One can hardly think of Great Britain at the height of its imperial powers without remembering the huge clouds of smoke and fumes that continuously... 

Political risks have to be considered both in the case of identifying potential plant locations and in the context of production network controlling. Both in academic research and in industry the Iranian revolution jump-started comprehensive discussions of the subject (cf. Brewer 1981, p. 5 ... 

Nanoparticles are not only a product of new nano-technologies, but are also present in the environment, and nanoscale phenomena permeate and often control natural processes.12 Humans have always experienced exposure to nanosized particles, but with the advent of the industrial revolution, this exposure from anthropogenic sources (e.g. internal combustion engines, power plant etc.) has increased dramatically. 

Numerous herbicides are currently recommended and used for weed control in agricultural, industrial, and recreational areas. However, the method of formulation and application of such chemicals to plants or soils may markedly affect their biological efficacy and persistence. Chemical additives (primarily surfactants) in both oil and aqueous sprays are already used widely, and when properly understood, promise a virtual revolution in the use of agricultural chemicals. Conceivably, not only weed control performance and herbicidal selectivity can be altered but also distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of chemical residues. With the widespread introduction and increasing use of chemical additives in weed science and technology, we must therefore learn to reflect on what before we knew about the use of herbicides. 

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