Placentation lateral

Groups of 18-20 male Fischer rats (weighing 160 g) were given a single intra-peritoneal injection of 200 mg/kg bw NDEA. Two weeks later, they were fed a diet containing 3000 ppm di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [purity unspecified] for six weeks. At week 3, they were subjected to a partial hepatectomy. All rats were killed at week 8. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-treated rats had no increase in foci staining positively for glutathione S-transferase placental form (8.5 per cm versus 11.6 for NDEA alone) (Ito etal., 1988). 

Lung maturation in the fetus is regulated by the fetal secretion of cortisol. Treatment of the mother with large doses of glucocorticoid reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in infants delivered prematurely. When delivery is anticipated before 34 weeks of gestation, intramuscular betamethasone, 12 mg, followed by an additional dose of 12 mg 18-24 hours later, is commonly used. Betamethasone is chosen because maternal protein binding and placental metabolism of this corticosteroid is less than that of cortisol, allowing increased transfer across the placenta to the fetus. 

Discharges from the acneiform eruptions of two patients analyzed at 32 and 45 ppm PCBs. An 18 year old male showed ca. 75 and 13 ppm in subcutaneous fat samples taken from his face and abdomen, respectively. GLC patterns similar to those in contaminated rice oils were found in the human samples examined, including those from fetal and placental tissues. Tissues from a stillborn infant (October 1968) were preserved for later analysis. These had PCB concentrations in liver, skin and fat of 1.8, 1.2 and 0.1 ppm, respectively. The pregnant mother had been diagnosed as a severe case of Yusho. First trimester PCB concentrations reported for 19 embryos were low (<2ppb). Second and third trimester were successively higher (Table 9) ... 

One of the most important placental hormones is CG. CG stimulates the ovary to produce progesterone which, in turn, prevents menstruation thereby protecting the pregnancy. The chemistry, biochemistry, and methods for CG are discussed in the section on laboratory tests later m this chapter. 

Several additional projects evolved from the initial TNAP project. Thanks to the broad dynamic range of the luminescent assay, several TNAP activator scaffolds were observed during HTS, resulting in an independent project with a potential therapeutic indication for osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Other human APs, intestinal (lAP) and placental (PLAP) isozymes, were initially utilized to establish counter screen assays based on CDP-star. One of the TNAP scaffolds demonstrated inhibition of lAP, and was further optimized to produce a selective chemical probe for human lAP. Later, the assays for lAP and PLAP were utilized for full-scale screening of these isozymes, eventually leading to identification of selective inhibitors for both isozymes. Interestingly, human lAP... 

Hg) at time t on the maternal and fetal sides, Vm and Vf are the maternal and fetal capillary blood volumes (ml) and Dp is the placental diffusing capacity for 02 [ml/(min X mm Hg)]. While these equations ignore placental tissue oxygen consumption, this will be considered later. 

This study was done for the specific purpose of gaining a better understanding of placental oxygen transport in the human by mathematical analysis. The assumption is often made that biological phenomena are far too complex for mathematical treatment that they cannot be represented by equations. Knisely et al. (41) have pointed out, however, that equations are the only human device for accurate quantitative description of complex phenomena. Phenomena which have not been sufficiently analyzed (broken up into components) in one era often can be so described at some later time. The process of describing a process mathematically, then, is a continuing series of steps in which equations are added as new factors are discovered or as known factors are reevaluated. 

The average proportion of urea in parts per 1000 in animal fluids other than urine is In blood of dog, normal, 0.24-0.53 same three hours after nephrectomy, 0.45-0.93 same twenty-seven hours later, 2.06-2.76 human blood, normal, 0.14r-0.4 human placental... 

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